Ethics in criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in criminal justice - Essay Example The selective enforcement of laws is only rarely an outcome of law enforcement corruption.. An overview of history evidences that during periods when the perpetrators of a particular type of crime occupy a position of singular importance, there is a tendency to `look the other way.’ This was the case during the 1920s with Prohibition, to name but one example. Selective enforcement as determined by the relative power of the perpetrators is immoral and ethically indefensible. More often than not, the selective enforcement of laws is predominantly, a consequence of volume of crime versus the resources at the possession of law enforcement forces. In the not uncommon periods where violent crime rates supersede non-violent crime rates, law enforcement tends to direct its attention to the latter and overlook victimless crimes within the context of the former. The implication here is that law enforcement may overlook crimes of possession or substance abuse consequent to the imperatives of focusing resources on the combating of the drug trade itself. Likewise, law enforcement is unlikely to enforce laws pertaining to petty shoplifting when resources are better expended in the combating of aggravated assault, grand larceny and armed robbery. The implication here is that the selective enforcement of law is a consequence of priorities. Even while conceding to the fact that absolute ethics dictates the uniform implementation of all operational laws at all times, law enforcement’s failure to do so is not indicative of a breakdown of ethics. In fact, given the motivations for law enforcement’s selective implementation of laws, their doing so may be categorized as an exercise of utilitarian ethics. In accordance with utilitarian ethical systems, both the reasons which motivated an action and the consequences of the said action determine

Water Its Need And Importance Essay Example for Free

Water Its Need And Importance Essay Water is the most abundant substance in the human body ranging from 40 to 80 percent of the body weight. Body water is distributed in two major compartments: the intracellular and the extracellular fluid compartments . Water being a solvent dissolves all substances and acts as a carrier to transport nutrient and other crucial chemicals which are needed for effective functioning of organs. For instance water helps in digestion, by dissolving the nutrient substances and making them pass through gastrointestinal tracks ultimately into the blood stream. It assists in transportation of food through the intestines as well as removing waste products from the body. On a cellular level it acts a medium for transmission of electrical signals between cells. It enables biochemical processes, acts as a lubricant and also regulates the body temperature according to the environmental conditions. FLUID BALANCE: Under normal condition fluid intake equals fluid output and the body maintains constant volume. When the intake exceeds the output, a positive balance or hydration exceeds on the other hand when output exceeds intake a negative balance or dehydration is caused. The major water loss processes are perspiration and urination. The water balance is regulated by osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus. These receptors sense the molality of the blood and decide whether more or less water is required to correct the osmolality. Thirst is stimulated and we drink water if the blood is too concentrated. Anti-diurectic hormone or ADH is released from the pituitary glands which causes conservation of body fluid by acting on the kidneys leading to decreased urine output. If blood is too dilute then thirst is suppressed and DH is inhibited causing volumes of urine to be excreted. When a person eliminates water through lungs and skin without being aware of it then its called insensible loss. Loss of water in extracellular compartment causes the fluid to become concentrated leading to hypertonicity and a gain in water leads to hypotonicity. In addition to regulating total volume, the osmolarity (the concentration of solute particles per unit volume) of bodily fluids is also tightly regulated. Extreme variation in osmolarity causes cells to shrink or swell, damaging or destroying cellular structure and disrupting normal cellular function. The human body maintains a proper fluid balance through the action of mineral compounds namely from sodium and potassium which are called electrolytes. Electrolytes are chemicals formed by ionic bonding that dissociate into electrically charged ions when they dissolve in the body fluids. Examples are acids, bases and salts. Their primary function is to control osmolarity, maintenance of acid-base balance, metabolism of essential minerals and participation in cellular activities. The sodium pump is a mechanism which ensures that a cell does not retain too much sodium (which attracts water via osmosis across the semi-permeable membrane of the cell wall) and thus stops too much water from entering the cell. As mentioned before ADH plays the key role in lowering osmolarity (reducing sodium concentration) by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, enabling to dilute bodily fluids. To prevent osmolarity from decreasing below normal, the kidneys also have a regulated mechanism for reabsorbing sodium in the distal nephron which is controlled by aldosterone, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: Several environmental factors control the loss of body fluids. Higher ambient temperatures result in a greater potential for sweat production. Higher humidity is also responsible for higher sweat production, but effectiveness of sweating to cool the body is reduced due to decreased rate of evaporation of perspiration from the skin. The same problem also exists with clothing that traps sweat against the skin which results in a reduced cooling efficiency that forces a greater sweat rate. CONCLUSION: A regular fluid intake from our daily diet is crucial to maintain good health. This is because the human body does not store water in the way as it stores calories so we need a constant supply every day. About 15 percent of our water needs comes from food metabolism, as our body converts part of our food into hydrogen and then mixes this with oxygen from our lungs to form water. The remaining 85 percent comes directly from water in our diet, either from water-rich foods or from water we drink. For women, the US Food and Nutrition Board recommend a total daily water intake of about 2. 7 liters (about 8 glasses) from all beverages and foods. For men they advise a total daily water intake of about 3. 7 liters (about 12 glasses). REFERENCES: ? http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/211236/fluid-balance ? http://www. annecollins. com/water-intake-fluid-balance. htm ? http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Body_water ? Schaums Outline of Human Anatomy and physiology

Modern Man In Search Of A Soul by C.G. Jung Essay -- Modern Man Search

Modern Man In Search Of A Soul by C.G. Jung In his book, Modern Man In Search Of A Soul, C.G. Jung gives a layperson insight into his ideas on dream analysis. Jung's primary objective in this book is to educate the reader as to what a psychoanalyst does when analyzing a patient's dreams. The principal message in the section of the book centered on dream analysis is that dreams should never stand alone. Dreams are meaningless in a vacuum, but on the other hand when put against a strict set of rules, they are oftentimes misunderstood. The unconscious is a fluid entity and cannot be handled either in isolation or with a static set of guidelines. Dreams are reflections of the unconscious and can represent many different things inside of a person. Modern Man In Search Of A Soul describes the techniques of dream analysis that a psychoanalyst following Jung's ideas would ideally follow. In the time when Modern Man In Search Of A Soul was written, 1931, many psychiatrists did not believe in the unconscious. Jung says that the unconscious exists and that without it dreams would be "merely a freak of nature". Without the unconscious the dream would simply be a group of memory fragments assembled in a strange order. With the unconscious dreams represent a window into the inner thoughts which are causally related to neuroses and are therefore important in a patients treatment. Apart from the therapeutic implications of this hypothesis, it can lead to scientific insight into psychic causality. Therapists who are interested in the scientific aspects of dream analysis will find that their scientific understandings are therapeutic and will most likely share them to gain insight on the present neurosis. During the course of an analysis, which may last many months, dreams often become deluded and make less sense. This is because a relationship will develop and the analyst's interpretations are clouded by their previous judgements of the person. This does not allow for any change in the patient's inevitable movement from their initial state to their cured state. If dreams remain clear and understandable throughout an analysis, then the therapist has yet to touch on an important aspect of the patient's neurosis. Serving to influence the interpretations of dreams is very commonly the type of relationship between therapist and patient. Jung gives an example of t... ...ph interpreted, meant that in three days he would be released and pardoned by the Pharaoh. Subsequently he would be restored to his post as cupbearer. Joseph saw this dream in the conscious context and could manipulate it in a fluid manner. He saw that wine and its production was the primary force in this man's life. Thus the three branches were what would grow in three days, signifying a release in three days. Using the fruit of the release, he would create wine for the Pharaoh. This meant that with his release he would once again hold the Pharaoh's cup and be restored to his position. This fits with Jung's model for interpretation. The baker's dream, as interpreted by Joseph, lead to a very different end. The dream meant that in three days the Pharaoh would behead the baker and put his head on a pole for the birds to eat. Following Jung's theory, the three baskets were what could be made for the Pharaoh in three days. The baking was the life of the baker, and thus having the birds eat his baking was, through the interpretation on the archetypal bird, was the ending of his life. The exactness of Joseph's interpretations were due mainly to the mystical nature of the Bible.

Conflict and resolving issues sources of conflict and conflict resolution Essay

Hello everyone. My name is Isaac and welcome to my presentation. First of all I would like to give thanks to our honorable course instructor for organizing such a pretty session. Well, today the topic of my presentation is about conflict and resolving issues. So here I will discuss about conflict and resolving issues, sources of conflict and conflict resolution. Many people lead busy and challenging lives, so they encounter conflict on a daily basis and sometimes hourly basis at home or at work. As for the people who become engaged in conflict, they rarely have any or little understanding about the roots of conflicts or how to manage it when it happens. The entire other level that many people fail to understand is how regularly they encounter conflict and how difficult it can be to find a solution. As human we are regularly being placed in situations where conflict can occur and how we respond to it is grounded on different personalities. Conflict is an inevitable factor in our daily personal and professional lives. We are surrounded by conflict even if we may not recognize it. Usually we don’t like to experience conflict, although we enjoy watching others deal with it. For example, television shows highlight the fact that arguments, disputes, and disagreements are normal and a relevant part of life. Conflicts can result for various reasons, including miscommunication, differing values, relationship breakdowns and lack of information. In the workplace conflicts, divergent needs are usually at the heart of bitter disputes. A conflict can occur at any time when two or more people have a difference of opinion. Whether or not the conflict expands rely on the resolving skills of each person involved in the conflict and analyze the elements of conflict and resolving issues involved in the situation. While knowledge in resolving issues skills and negotiation tactics can result to successful conflict resolution, the outcome lies strictly in the hands and mental abilities of the conflict initiator. When you acknowledge the legitimacy of conflicting needs and become willing to analyze them in a surrounding of compassionate understanding, it open pathways to team building, creative problem solving and improved relationship. When you resolve conflict and disputes quickly and painlessly, mutual trust flourish. Basically, the capability to successfully manage and resolve conflicting issues rely on the four conflict resolution skills; swiftly relieve stress, recognizing and managing your emotions, improving your non verbal communication skills, and using humor and play to deal with problems. In conclusion,conflict is a normal and even healthy part of life. Furthermore, two people cannot be expected to agree on everything at all times. Resolving issues is an approach that we require all throughout our lives. Conflict is obviously unavoidable no matter what precautions are taken, but resolving issue is always possible if done correctly. Feelings of frustration may happen, but resolving conflict can make such a difference in our interpersonal relationships rather than just avoiding it. It may appear hard at times to resolve the conflict and reach a median, but in the end, regardless of the difficulty, it will be well worth it and will improve our performance. References Akgun, Serap, and Arzu Araz. â€Å"The Effects of Conflict Resolution Education on Conflict Resolution Skills, Social Competence, and Aggression in Turkish Elementary School Students.† Journal of Peace Education (2014): 30-45. Print. Nan, Susan Allen. â€Å"Consciousness in Culture-based Conflict and Conflict Resolution.† Conflict Resolution Quarterly (2012): 239-62. Print. Source document

Phenomenology and Healthier Organismic Self

Exploring the terminology of the word Phenomenology and its etymology, presents me with an overture dating back to a long tradition of philosophical literature. I find it very difficult to try and explain what phenomenology means, because expressing significant ideas of one philosopher, will exclude others, and my choices will contradict the very idea of what phenomenology is beginning to mean for me. Drawing examples from phenomenological theoretical sources, I shall integrate personal experience to support what I understand by the term phenomenology.In brief, I am going to start to explain what I understand about the term Phenomenology by giving answers with references from theoretical sources. I shall, in no particular order along this essay, give examples to support the reason why I think phenomenology is important in Counselling and Psychotherapy. Lastly, I intent to discuss my current ability to understand my own, and another person’s worldview with some examples.The ter m Phenomenology originates from the Greek word phainomenon, meaning appearance, that which shows itself, and, logos meaning science or study. As Hans Cohn puts it, â€Å"the Greek word ‘phenomenon’ is derived from a verb meaning to appear, to come into the light, and ‘logos’, on the other hand, is rooted in a Greek verb meaning ‘to say’. (Cohn, 1997:9-10). To me this suggests, come into light through speech, or enlighten oneself through speech. In simple terms phenomenology is the study of how things appear to be.In order to acknowledge the phenomenon of perception, Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), developed a method from his former teacher’s philosophical intentionality, Franz Brentano (1838-1917) that explains how reality cannot be grasped directly because it is available only through perceptions of reality, which are representations of it in the mind. This is a method that attempts to describe phenomena without prior assumptions, by rejec ting prior beliefs or consciousness about things, events and people.His aim was to find a way to transcend subjectivity and understand phenomenon through experience as the source of conscious knowledge (Dermot Moran, 2002:1-22). He intended by this to suspend or bracket events, to go beyond the usual choices of perception to describe the things as they really are. Husserl’s phenomenological method includes concepts of Noema, ‘the object of our attention, or, blocks of meaning’, Noesis to mean, ‘the experience as it is experienced and the act of consciousness itself, or, process of conferring meaning’, and Bracketing ‘an act of suspending our prejudices and usual interpretations’ (Van Deurzen, 2005: 154).At this stage, these concepts are helping me to frame old acknowledged ‘blocks’ and consciously describe them. It is also helping me to bring to my awareness some of my behaviour patterns, which I was unaware of, or aware in hindsight, but unaware of their reasons. Husserl’s method is ingenious in that it brings to light my ‘perspective dynamics’ (sense of reality, prejudices, family dynamics) and helps me to understand and realise how to locate my blocks. I can now begin to verbalise enigmatic reactions and unveil covert fears, when truth about my character and individual qualities begin to be more approachable and real.I very often have been lost in my own personal history not knowing any other way out of it. ‘This felt like a block in my life loosing touch, feeling alienated within myself and therefore, preventing the self to extend towards other people as fully as I would wish. In my understanding of phenomenology in the above example, my own blocks can prevent me from living in the moment of now. The examples that will follow, there are so many thoughts and emotions distracting me from the moment of now.Learning to make conscious my personal assumptions in the form of noem a, noesis and bracketing, an aspect of phenomenological reduction called Epoche, was to learn how to suspend prejudice, frame a particular behaviour in focus, and examine the way I view things and people. I don’t know if it is possible to translate this process of reduction in all layers of my behaviour. But what I do know, is that this reduction process has taught me to be aware, in a more awake state, of my hidden intentionality and to take responsibility, or better own my thoughts and actions consciously because very often I searched for the blame outside of myself.And the search was not to be found outside, but the understanding of those reactions is to be found deep inside of me. ‘Bracketing is necessary because the phenomenological inquiry is not mere fact-finding, it is the apprehension of intentional acts’ (Van Deurzen, 2005: 154). Husserl’s transcendental Phenomenology hasn’t particularly been followed by his students and former colleagues such as Martin Heidegger (Spinelli, 1989:2-3). A remark from Paul Ricoeur follows ‘that phenomenology is the story of the deviations from Husserl; â€Å"the history of phenomenology is the history of Husserlian heresies† (Moran, 2002:2).I find that Husserl’s at the time controversial scientific opinions allows phenomenological progression. But his findings are a good basis to question what our true values are, to allow us to investigate our potential to be good therapists. Why is the relationship between Phenomenological philosophy, Existential, Person- centred Counselling and Psychotherapy, important in counselling and psychotherapy? I very soon started to comprehend that phenomenology addresses key questions of human experience and that this attempts to examine the process of subjective human nature, without being indoctrinated by some fixed theory.Philosophers have written a great deal about the nature of the self, and it is useful for psychotherapists to refl ect if they are addressing human issues of existence from the right angle or just emphasising one from an infinity of possibilities, or simply if the theory needs progression. One concern that I think relevant to consider is that psychotherapy, particularly existential and person-centred counselling, focus on the promotion of the client’s autonomy (Sanders, 2004). Are the theories open enough to offer that autonomy, or are they in its effort to make sense of a state of mind, limiting its variability?In my opinion, it is essential to have an uncluttered mind which is free from unprejudiced assumptions when approaching psychotherapy and counselling. Existential therapists for example, put more emphasis on the existence, than on the essence through the phenomenological reduction, because they do not wish to suspend existence. Carl Rogers‘s (1902-1987) concept of phenomenology maintains that knowledge of individual perceptions of reality is required for the understanding of the human behaviour, and suggests that we live in accordance with our subjective awareness (Nye, 1992:97).Rogers believed that human beings need the right psychological and environmental conditions to allow the troubled self to change and find a healthier organismic self. ‘Necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change’ (Kirshenbaum & Henderson, 1990:219). There are three core conditions out of the six sufficient conditions: Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR), meaning truly accepting the person as they are with no pre-conceived judgements intruding in the process of the relationship between client and counsellor.Empathy, meaning listening carefully, leaves aside my conditions of worth, and, Congruence, meaning genuine authenticity within the counselling relationship (Hough, 1998:103-104). I found a way to process these conditions through phenomenology. I can see the parallel between person-centred and existential psychotherapy, because for examp le, Rogers’s therapy involves the therapist's entry into the client's unique phenomenological world, without attempting to search for unconscious motives, but rather concentrate on immediate conscious experience and expectations (Sanders, 2004:4).These conditions have to be processed within myself first, before I can attempt to offer them to other people. To me, there was an intellectual and emotional understanding of how to integrate Rogers’ core conditions when with other people, but I was missing the link ‘how’ to do it, because the theory felt all very delicate, non-directive and carved for those who were born with those qualities. I wanted it to be part of my daily make up, but I many times regressed to old habits, and felt I was back to square zero.This is the reason why I think phenomenology is important in counselling and psychotherapy. It is a method that allows us to strip down any masks or shadows we have and work on many of our unprocessed cond itions of worth, for a healthier organismic experiencing. I have been fortunate to find the path to work on my true self, and something definitely happened in my conscious mind caused by the above learning cues. I can honestly describe with some contentment that I am processing my projections successfully with my environmental relationships.The example that follows, describes a significant event that showed me I have brought into light what looked like a projection into my full conscious. Right at the beginning of the academic year, I used to hear one of my colleagues speak, and I used to feel some irritation. I didn’t know the cause. It was only after the third week that I questioned myself the reason why because the symptom persisted. I wrote on my journal: I feel I was quite disrespectful today towards ‘Blue Sky’ when she was speaking in the group experience. (Blue Sky is a pseudonym name.I give all my course group colleagues a pseudonym name to keep their ide ntity protected). I reflected on my interrupting her several times while she was speaking. Interrupting felt intruding because something was not flowing. I like Blue Sky but I have ambivalent feelings towards her. I still don’t know what and why I feel the way I do. She is lovely and warm and welcoming and emotionally intelligent †¦ Today, my tutors introduced philosophy to the group. It is fascinating to be introduced to the question about subjectivity.Our subjective truth is based on our subjective human experience. Is this going to help me to find out about my incognitos? †¦ I don’t want to be lost in my own personal history and yet I do want to know all those parts of me that hurt and why. In learning phenomenology and the wish to get acquainted with those parts of me that remain unclear, provoked some sort of brewing threatening sensation. Nevertheless, over the next few weeks I went through a very painful learning curve. Phenomenology helped me to disc over my irritability about Blue Sky.After class, we took the train together and we were talking fluidly, when all of sudden, that cloudy irritable sensation about her struck back again, and I noticed it affected my congruent and empathic responses towards her. She must have felt it because our conversation fell flat. When she left the train, I knew it wasn’t her doing. I knew I was transferring something berried deep in me. I couldn’t write my journal for the rest of the journey as I usually do, and was suspended over that event that just happened.I went back to that feeling that made me feel that way, and I connected the event. I knew somebody 24 years ago that looked like Blue Sky. I was struck by the physical and verbal similarities and even more surprised how the arms and body expressions are so similar. Why didn’t I see that before? She was my then husband’s ex-girl-friend. It was a very painful experience at the time, because she didn’t seem to be able to forget him, and I could see her pain, and with that she was hurting my relationship with my husband by not wanting to give him up.Linking the irritation about Blue Sky with a totally unconnected old event, is proof that unresolved emotional and psychological experiences impedes reciprocal interaction and communication with another person in the present. For this reason, I was so happy to release Blue Sky out of my perception, and see her for what she really is. On that same week another projection towards one of my tutors was resolved, and when I discovered what it was, I experienced that same relieved sensation. I am now able to see my tutor for whom he is showing to be and not for what I was projecting.To me this is a sign that I am learning to identify my introjects, and not just let the natural attitude react as the victim of my conditions of worth. I feel that I am growing towards my potential, in Rogerian terms called actualising tendency, for a healthier organis mic self (Mearns & Thorne, 1988:11-14). In Gestalt terms this is described as healthy cycle, the drive towards actualisation of the self (Clarkson, 1989:27). Although these projections were resolved, I continued to feel a threatening sensation that there was more to come and I even felt physically sick over a period of two weeks with sleepless symptoms and anxiety.I felt all my toxicities were coming to the surface as a result of this process and told this to the group. All the present negative experiences were mirrored in the way I was articulating myself. The group reacted very strongly when I used the word toxic to describe myself, and said that they didn’t experience me that way. It was with the group process that I realised I was using punitive self-description, such as ‘I am toxic‘, that were introjects from a significant other’s values imposed upon me.I was beginning to believe those descriptions about me, and owning them. My language was showing sel f-condemnation in front of the group, but in truth I was using the group as a healthy pillar, or in Gestalt (form) terms, healthy cycle, to test my organismic experience of failure, and to examine the accuracy of my introjects (Clarkson, 1989:27). What came to the surface was how I feel vulnerable and unsupported at home. This showed me a dysfunction in the boundary disturbance of my private cycle, and a disclosure of my coping mechanisms.By believing the negative description of my significant other, I’m taking in the other person’s projection. I showed therefore a coping mechanism called confluence, which is a merging sense of self with the projection of the other. Patricia Clarkson explains that Fritz Perls saw these coping mechanisms ‘only as neurotic when used chronically and inappropriately ‘†¦ they are useful and healthy when authentically chosen temporarily†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The other person‘s negative view of me is often things they cannot a cknowledge or accept in themselves.There are other three most important psychological coping mechanisms, out of the seven fixed Gestalts called, introjection, meaning to take in values without questioning them; projection, as explained above, and retroflection meaning inability to externalise emotion, the act of directing a difficult emotion such as anger at oneself rather than at somebody who has provoked the emotion (Clarkson, 1989:42-45). What I have learned from these experiences is how some of my own subjectivities and defences can get in the way of being open to other people.I would be carrying a false-self when offering non-judgemental acceptance, empathic and genuineness towards others, if I haven’t inwardly processed my conditions of worth. This process of dismantling my projections so intensely are absolutely essential in that I am responsible for knowing myself to the fullest of my capacity before I come in serious helping contact with clients. There is a danger of not resolving blocks that can interfere with a therapeutic relationship, in that clients can become the projection of the counsellor.This is why I think phenomenology is important in counselling and psychotherapy, because it helps us to put in practice the process of identifying our troubles and put it aside in order to be able to understand another person’s world view to the fullest of our competency. I do befriending volunteering once a week, and I noticed that my listening skills have improved and that my natural attitude for interpreting is decreasing, leaving room for the client to find meaning in the description of their feelings.I noticed that the quality of the relationship with some of my clients is deepening in that we are allowing more sensitive layers of hurt to surface. Clients on the search of a healthier organismic self will benefit the most from a therapeutic relationship when the counsellor can facilitate deepest understanding for the client’s percept ion of their world. This is only possible, if the counsellor has developed skills to discern about what is the client’s concern and what is the counsellor’s projection.A good relationship can only be built as far as a counsellor’s skills facilitate the client to feel the space is theirs to explore in the present. Irvin Yalom puts beautifully, ‘†¦ a therapist helps a patient not by sifting through the past but by being lovingly present with that person; by being trustworthy, interested; and by believing that their joint activity will ultimately be redemptive and healing’ (Yalom, 1989:227).Just as I thought I have learned a substantial amount of phenomenological theory to expand openness in my thinking process, with the aim to prepare me to understand myself, and then another person’s worldview, I read about Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980). I find Sartre’s concept of nothingness, that human beings are essentially emptiness and that we are constantly creating and reinventing ourselves, mind blowing. The human tragedy is that we aspire to being definite and fixed as objects are’; ‘†¦ human paradox: on the one hand we are nothing definite and, because of this, on the other hand we are able to become many different things†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Sartre would call what I described in the above paragraphs about introjects, ‘bad faith’ as an important human strategy. To be in bad faith is to perform role-plays in the here-and-now to cope with situations (van Deurzen, 1997:45- 48).In conclusion, phenomenology has opened gates to infinite possibilities of thinking consciously, supplying me with more space to understand how to be with other people. It is hardly surprising and I can understand why psychotherapy chooses to draw wisdom from phenomenological philosophy, because there seams to be a flux with no fix point to allow further exploration of the human distinctive many layered qualities. What is special and significant about this Phenomenological movement is its evolving history in search for truth in perceptions and beyond perceptions.My argument that my ability to understand another person’s world view, lies in my ability to comprehend and integrate all of the above discussed theoretical processes in my behaviour. The vignette ‘Blue Sky’ illustrates my present ability to recognise limits in my character and the willingness to change. I have set myself in an un-compromised path to know myself profoundly for both the benefit of my self-development and ultimately for the benefit of my future clients.I can choose the state of my mind and the emotions attached to it, and that therefore, interactions between me and other people will be of an egalitarian and mutual understanding. The examples I gave about my tutor and voluntary placement with clients, illustrate my endeavour to be fully authentic and transparent in all parts of me, including the understanding of relationship’s phenomenon. I could give other examples of how interactions with other people were successful, but they would have not demonstrated the difficulties and the painful metamorphosis I am going through towards the route of understanding myself, and others.

Leons story Essay Example

Leons story Essay Example Leons story Essay Leons story Essay Essay Topic: Catching Fire Leons Story The sun felt hot on his skin when he was standing there waiting under the Ferris wheel for Tony. All he wanted was to forget what he had experienced in the army, so the minute he was finished hed bought a bottle of wine, which he was now drinking. Catching sight of Tony, he got a little over excited, probably because of the wine, and yelled Hey, Tony over here Leon noticed that Tonys cheeks turned a little red, and knew that he had embarrassed him, but he didnt care! He was Just so happy to see his friend again. Hows it going old friend? Leon grabbed Tonys hand and pulled him into a quick hug with a smile on his face. Its good to be home again! IVe already been asked to Join the Corn Dance, but I hope I havent forgotten what to do. Tony laughed. mfoull remember when you hear the music, Im sure. They stood there, talking for a while, catching up. The sun was dusty and low in the west; people were rushing by, having fun in the marked. Do you want something to eat? Tony asked Looking down at his bottle, Leon shook his head and said he was good, but that they could go buy some burgers if he was hungry. Standing in line, waiting, Leon suddenly saw a fist, and thats the last thing he remembered before everything went black. Waking up in the hospital, Leon was confused. His face hurt, and there were doctors everywhere. Tony came over and told him what had happened. He didnt understand this. He had as much right as anyone to be there and that state co p had Just punched him. He needed stiches around his mouth and they gave him a shot against the pain. After dropping Tony off by his house, he drove home. The next few days were better, but after what that cop did, he felt so bitter and all he wanted was to have his payback. But all he could do for now was to take it up with the pueblo meeting. They had a long discussion which ended with Leon getting madder than efore since they told him it was his fault for drinking and he and Tony left. Hey, you want to come with me and buy some barbed wire for my uncle? he finally asked Tony after a long time of silence. Tony gave a weak smile, and nodded. Stopping on the way for some gas, Leon was tanking, while Tony went inside Cerritos for some snacks. Suddenly Tony was walking fast towards him telling him that the big cop was inside. Leon and Tony got in his car and skidded back out on the highway. Leon had not seen the cops car, and thatz scared him, but Tony Just brushed it off and said it as probably hidden. Still driving on the highway, the sun was hot and the sky was empty. The ground was all dried up across the valley, and Leon still felt a chill going up his spine after the encounter on the gas station. Looking in his rear-view mirror Leon suddenly saw the state cops car trailing them. The sirens were on. Swatting Tony on his shoulder to make him aware of what was happening; he started to slow down his car, and pulled over. What the hell does he want now? Leon said out loud The cop made them step out of the car, using the excuse that he wanted to see his rivers license. They stood there waiting while the wind was rattling. Leon looked up at the cops face, seeing that he was wearing dark shades, so you couldnt see his eyes. He could also see that Tony was quivering besides him and knew that he was good in speaking English, Leon stepped in for him. He doesnt understand English so good. The cop looked back at Tony. My name is Antonio Sousea. Tony said in a low voice. The cop suddenly laughed. He started to rant about how much he disliked Indians like them, that it was their entire fault that he got transferred here. He spat at the ground before he turned, leaving them there. Later, that afternoon, Leon went to talk to the governor, because he felt that this treatment to him and his friend was unacceptable. He felt better afterwards since the governor had promised hed send a letter to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Driving on the highway, on their way to his uncle he felt so much better. His uncle had asked Tony if he wanted to stay at the sheep camp for a while, so then he and Tony could be left alone. The sun was low in the sky when Leon drove off the highway and onto the sheep-camp road. Suddenly here were another car there trying to force them off the road. It was the state cop. Leon panicked trying to hold the car up, while listening to Tony rambling about killing and burning. He didnt understand what he meant. Leon managed to stop the car and he got out. Tony was still in the car with a . 30-30 across his lap. Standing there, facing the cop, he still couldnt see his eyes because of his shades. The cop started to walk towards him, raising a stick and pointing it at him. It all happened so fast. The cop lay dead on the ground and the shot had been so loud. There was blood everywhere. I turned around and screamed Tony! You killed him you killed the cop! I couldnt believe it. Tony had Just used the . 30-30 to kill a man, a cop no less! They put the cop in his car and set it on fire. The gas tank on the car exploded and the flames went high up in the sky. Leon looked over at his friend. Oh my God Tony, what have you done? Tony kept staring at the flames, his eyes were hard. He kept reassuring Leon that it was killed and it was safe now, and started to ramble about this dream hed had. Leon could feel the blood leaving his face when he realized what his friend was.

Net Censorship essays

Net Censorship essays Most of us have used it. Most of us find it useful. Some of us find it entertaining. Some of us find it offensive. It is the Internet. The Internet has dramatically changed our society. It brings together people and their ideas from all around the world in a short amount of time. It is expanding daily to allow new ideas and thoughts to be transmitted quickly and easily with the single click of a button. One can find information on almost any subject there. Yet many people are trying to censor it. The Internet contains racist thoughts, sexually explicit material and much more inappropriate material. But who is it inappropriate for and why should it be censored? In 1996 the Communications Decency Amendment was passed by congress. This amendment imposed a $100,000 fine or a 2-year jail term on anyone who used the Internet to annoy, abuse, threaten or harass anyone else. Pro-censors believed the act to be necessary in order to extend the standards of decency to the new telecommunications device. Anti-censors thought the amendment was acting like the thought police. Recently though the Supreme Court overturned the Communications Decency Act in the civil case of Reno v. ACLU. This new law states that the Internet deserves the same level of speech protection as books or other printed material. Even with this new law in effect many people are still trying and some are succeeding at censoring the Internet. They are creating schemes to block and rate the net. A meeting recently took place at the White House about this subject. Several industry leaders and the government agreed to try to originate a variety of systems to block and regulate controversial online speech. Despite the Supreme Court these leaders are inching toward the dangerous and incorrect understanding that the Internet is like television and should be rated and/or censored. During this meeting many announcemen ...

Single-Parent Children Behavior

Single-Parent Children Behavior SINGLE-PARENT CHILDREN BEHAVIOR Based on census information, the number of children being raised in a single-parent home is on the rise. It always causes negative implications for children. When children have both parents, they tend to have better educational and financial advantages. Many people dont even realize how much a childs behavior is impacted when it comes to being raised in a single-parent home. Find out more by reading below. Impact on Academics Many single-parent homes are run by mothers. Beyond not having a father, there is also the chance that household income will be lower for these single-parent households. When you combine all of this together, it tends to increase the chance that the children are going to end up performing badly in school. Because many fathers arent providing financial support to the children, it makes mothers work harder to make ends meet. Working harder takes mothers a lot of time. As a result, Â  they have no time for their children. In turn, children dont have a parent readily available to assist them with completing their homework. If the other parent sent money to the single parent raising the child, it would help free up time for that parent to spend it with children. When the children have the emotional support of the non-custodial parent, they often end up doing better in school when compared to children who dont have contact with the other parent. You may also be interested in: Perspiration Is Nothing without a Little Bit of Inspiration Junk Food in School The Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds Relieving Students School-Related Stress Developing Students Creativity and Self-Expression through Crayons Impact on Emotions When there is only one person in the house earning an income, it puts the family at risk of being below the poverty level. Families that live in poverty tend to be more stressed. This can carry over to the children and cause them to struggle with low self-esteem, frustration, anger and even violent tendencies. Some children feel as if they are the one to blame for the other parent leaving. They act out on their peers because of their anger at the other parent. Beyond all of the financial struggles, many children end up feeling sad, lonely and abandoned. They struggle to form relationships with other children and connect with them emotionally. While the effects are going to vary from one child to the next, it doesnt get any easier when there is only one parent in the household supporting the family. Impact on Social Life Many children from single-parent households end up withdrawing socially. They tend to dive into a state of depression and loneliness. This often occurs because the one parent is always working and has no time for children. Because the children are often alone, they tend to feel that they arent wanted or that the parent doesnt care. When the children enter the state of loneliness, they end up turning away from their peers and spend most of their time in their bedroom alone. This can cause a number of problems for children. Everything you do in life involves communicating with someone at some point. This is why it is so important for children to feel like they can come to their parent and talk about how they are feeling and what they need help with. Otherwise, it is only going to end up causing them, even more, problems later on in life when they try to get a job or even find a mate. Even though it isnt all that easy to be a single parent. Spend more time communicating with children and make sure that they have everything they need to succeed in life. In time, you will be able to work your way through the whole ordeal and grow to form a long-lasting bond.

THe importance and influence of Asia Pacific Business and their Essay

THe importance and influence of Asia Pacific Business and their implications for Australia - Essay Example Today, they are a force to be reckoned with: whether for their economical labor force or for the nuclear tests they are carrying out or the technological developments taking place in these countries. The western superpowers cannot afford to ignore these countries at any cost! A major factor that has influenced half the world's thinking, policies and decisions is the Sino-US bilateral relations. This area has been going through volatile changes as and when the political leaderships changed in both the countries. When George Bush came to power in 2001, there were rumors of a Cold War between the US and China. Serious tensions were sparked between the US and China on various issues. First, there was the issue of a collision of a Chinese fighter with an American spy plane and then it was the designation of Taiwan by the US and Japan as a "common strategic objective." China was certainly not happy with America's open opposition to lifting the EU's arms embargo on China. China was increasingly being viewed by the US as "a military competitor with a formidable resource base." The People's Republic of China (PRC) was perceived as "a military competitor with formidable resource base"5 by the US. Post the 9/11 attacks, however, there has been a subtle shift in the way the two countries view each other. China condemned the bombings in a mild tone but pledged its whole-hearted support to the US in fighting terrorism. China seemed to have taken a softer stand towards American policies and supported its war against terrorism. Beijing has supported counter- terrorism resolutions passed by the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly. China has been cooperating in the US's efforts in combating the evil of terrorism, both in its own country and at a global level. The past four years have seen sweeping changes in the bilateral relations between the US and China. By providing useful 'information' on radical Islamic groups, it has resumed intelligence- sharing activities that had remained dormant since the end of the Cold War6. While China had not been actively involved in any military action against Afghanistan, it endorsed American intervention there, thus, reflecting a softening of its attitude towards the US. China has pledged to contribute US$150 million towards the reconstruction of Afghanistan. It is also supposed to have played an important role in encouraging close ally Pakistan to support American efforts in Afghanistan. Just as significant is China's lack of resistance to Washington's forcible invasion of Iraq and removal of Saddam Hussein. The present period of improved relations between the two countries is being referred to as the 'honeymoon' period. Political analysts feel that the honeymoon period in the US-Sino relations is expected to last longer as there is a deeper combination of economic, political and strategic considerations underlying it. perceptions and motivations. With the hosting of the Olympics in 2008, it is assumed that Beijing will assume its rightful place in the world's powers. Thus, it would be eager to avoid any confrontation with America that could jeopardize its preparations for the event. China's refusal to adjust its undervalued currency, which has been pegged to the US$ since 1994 and America's ballooning trade deficit with China which

American literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

American literature - Essay Example A few poems in which she extensively talks about this theme include â€Å"As I Could not Stop for Death†, â€Å"I died for Beauty—but was scarce†, â€Å"I’ve seen a dying eye†, â€Å"Delayed till in its vest of snow† and â€Å"Safe in Their Alabaster Chambers†. Firstly it is interesting to note the manner in which the poet selects the titles although Emily Dickenson did not give proper titles to her poem yet the first line of every poem is very enlightening and comprises of the gist of each poem hence giving the readers a hint about the context of every poem. Although some of her poems do not follow a set rhyme pattern yet there is a lyrical quality to her diction as the use of simple words and mostly the use of long dashes keeps the flow of words very smooth and flowing. While in the other poems it is observed that the most common rhyme scheme ABCD, ABCB and ABCDDE. It is observed that for Dickenson poetry was a mode of introspection and a form of catharsis consequently her verses provides the reader with a chance to explore the various phenomena of life from the poet’s perspective. ... ?I’ve Seen a Dying Eye† is a depiction of the last few minutes of a person’s life on death bed and this can poem can be perceived as a grotesque explication of the manner in which the light of life leaves the human body when the soul departs for eternity. In her poem â€Å"I Died for Beauty but was Scarce† Emily Dickenson depicts the finality of death. Although she presents a beautiful idea of unification or oneness of Beauty and truth yet it also reiterates the all-consuming power of death which smothers not only an individual’s life but also takes away all emotions, worries and hopes. â€Å"Safe in Their Alabaster Chambers† again deals with the theme of death and the serenity, peace and quiet that is associated with death. Here the purpose of the poem is to explain death as the ultimate escape from the hardships or miseries of this world. Moreover death is also defined as a means of attaining redemption for all the sins that human beings hav e committed. While â€Å"Delayed till she had ceased to know† the poet reiterates the longing for the past and the excitement for the future i.e. death. However it is the present that the poet is worried about because the present holds no attraction and offers no incentive to live. The most prevalent theme in these poems is the theme of death. This theme also has a lot of autobiographical significance in Dickinson’s works. As Dietrich also believes that, Dickinson’s attitude towards dying is at times ambivalent and shifts from denial to acceptance and finally embracement a large number of her poems deal with man’s inability to accept the reality of death and the confusion and disbelief that he experiences in its presence† (3). Consequently, in these poems the manner in which the poet deals with death is very

Change of Management - OH&S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Change of Management - OH&S - Essay Example In the entire process, stakeholders and those affected by change normally have to absorb the simple elements that define and make up the change process. As a result, time, effort and resources are required in order to make the process of change adoption more smooth and possible. Moreover, change is complex, which requires planning, organization, and implementation. Throughout the entire process of change, communication remains the critical aspect that glues the entire process of change. The concept of change as it is applicable in the organization has two major components; that of organizational change itself, and the change of people within the environment where people affected with change are perceived to be crucial to the success of change process. The understanding here is that successful application of change management should integrate the people within the organization and more so the entire process need to be inline with the values of the corporation or organization involved. The University’s Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management (OHSRM) system was established in 2002, in consultation with academic and administrative groups, as a practical mechanism to assist managers and staff at all levels to systematically manage OHS risks in their work areas. It is a key element in promoting the health, safety and well being of staff, students and visitors, and enabling compliance with NSW OHS legislation. As part of the OHSRM, an OHS Audit was undertaken in late 2010. The Faculty of Health Sciences which currently employs approximately 350 staff and educates 5,500 students, scored 20%, the lowest Faculty score within the University. The Faculty will be re audited in November 2011 and it is expected to achieve a minimum of 70%. The survey results portrayed an initial diagnosis of staff being unaware of safety procedures, evacuation plans, who to report incidents and hazards to. However, it was unknown if this was all staff or only

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Business Ethics - Essay Example I saw the wrong doing of our boss. I was discussed by his action, but there no witnesses except the two people involved and myself. I saw the event from far away. I decided to take a stand against the abuser. I told human resources about it. Our boss did not like my position, she said I wasn’t even there and you did not hear the other person involved complaining. I was made out to be liar. I only lasted an extra month at that job. Relativism perspective basically says that the ethical standards and views of a person are created depending on his own perspective of the situation. I had a car accident about four months ago. I was hit from behind by a car. To me it was simple the person bumped me because he did not keep distance so he was liable. The person who hit my car did not see it that way. His point of view was that I stopped suddenly and my pressing on the brakes cause the accident. Both views might have been right depending on the perspective of the person analyzing the situation. Fortunately the insurance company ruled in my favor. 2. Pick one of the readings from the Harvard Business Review text and discussed what was learned from the reading. Learned can also mean a â€Å"relighting† of something known but forgotten. Then discuss how you could/would use this knowledge in a professional or personal setting. The conflicts a managers faces regarding ethical issues in the workplace are numerous and constant occurrences. The decision making process requires the professional to take into consideration all aspects of the action, but they should remind themselves that the action itself requires a decision based solely on the act without putting unnecessary emphasis on factors such as the consequences of revealing an unethical act to the public. When working in a team environment I would lead a team by emphasizing honesty within the actions of the team. If somebody does not meet expectations the person should be honest about it or should be

Wall street Journal opinion Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wall street Journal opinion Article - Essay Example However, latest research findings indicate different outcomes. They reveal that increasing the minimum wage does not seem to lower employment. This has challenged the typical model of the effect increase in minimum wage. An increasing set of academic papers show that increase in minimum wage does not notably decrease employment among fast-food workers and teens. For instance, following a 25 percent increase in minimum wage in San Jose, California, there was no result in the area’s fast food franchise which led to suspension of employment. According to an article in Wall Street Journal, a ballot initiative in 2012 which was started by San Jose State University students led to a 2 dollar increase in minimum wage in the city. It was expected that this would result into job losses. However, data reveals that this was not the case (Morath 1). Employment in the fast-food industry increased after higher wages were in place. By the beginning of 2014, the pace of increase in employment in San Jose region was still more than the improvement in the whole state of California. Almost half of the minimum wage employees are hired in food service (Morath 1). San Jose city accounts for approximately half the population in the metro region, which comprises of Santa Clara and Sunnyvale. The minimum wage rate is said to be $8 in those neighboring cities. These results are far from conclusive. They still appear to fit researches that established that minimum wage increases at a local area have not resulted in notable job losses in fast-food restaurants (Morath 1). Prior researches in contrast to the recent findings concluded that 10% rise in the minimum wage decreased teen employment by 1 to 3 percent. The reasons that are offered for these new controversial findings consist of problematic methodologies, poor data and the likelihood of monopoly power. Employers

Hospitality Current Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hospitality Current - Essay Example Challenges Facing the Hospitality Industry Introduction In the past centuries, hospitality was not a common field known by many people as an important and critical part of societal life. This fact just changed with the booming international trade and changes in lifestyles for many citizens across the world. The two factors have not existed peaceably but have been posing challenges in the sector of hospitality. Among the challenges faced by the hospitality sector include competition, technological advancement, diversity, lack of professionalism to offer proper services, food safety and sanitation, security issues, and globalization among other problems. Rigorous technological advancement has posed serious challenges to the hospitality industry the world over. Technological advancement has transformed the way work is done in the hospitality industry (Powers & Barrows, 2008). Almost every activity is automated or computerized and the marketing venues are shifting to the internet. Hospit ality industry players have sought to employ the use of websites for marketing their products, increasing operation costs due to high costs of maintaining the websites. In order to broaden customer base, players in the hospitality industry need to invest on technologies that can enable online booking for services by the customers (Binion, 2006). The initial cost and maintenance of such technologies is exorbitant and in some cases unaffordable by certain operators in the industries Uncertainty occasioned by rising security has triggered unrest among the customers of the hospitality industry such as hotels which record low bookings as visitors shy away. Increased cases of terrorism have raised fear in customers as they always think of their safety when travelling (Powers & Barrows, 2008). Cases of abduction have also caused security doubts among many, which has negatively affected the hospitality industry as customers fear to travel freely across the world. Many operators in the hospi tality industry such as hotels and air travel agencies have been forced to invest in expensive and hi-tech security measures to retain the confidence of consumers as far as their security is concerned. The hospitality industry players have also been compelled to spend much money in insuring their operations against any occurrence of insecurity. Cases of food poisoning in various hotels have raised concerns of food safety and proper sanitation. Reported death cases occasioned by food poisoning affects customers consumption of good food products in the hospitality industry (Powers & Barrows, 2008). Cultural diversity has also pushed hospitality industry into expensive foodstuffs to meet the demands of their customers The significant challenge that has disrupted the growth of sectors in the hospitality is the recent global economic recession. The crisis has done a lot to discourage people from travelling due to high cost of travelling and low income earned by many consumers (Rob, 2010) . Additionally, the financial crisis has pushed the hospitality industry to increase the costs of accommodation, causing a sharp decline in demand of hotel and hospitality related services. Increase in the level and number of individual acquiring education has resulted to high levels of customer awareness. Customers have tended to demand services whose quality gives good value for their money.

Wall street Journal opinion Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wall street Journal opinion Article - Essay Example However, latest research findings indicate different outcomes. They reveal that increasing the minimum wage does not seem to lower employment. This has challenged the typical model of the effect increase in minimum wage. An increasing set of academic papers show that increase in minimum wage does not notably decrease employment among fast-food workers and teens. For instance, following a 25 percent increase in minimum wage in San Jose, California, there was no result in the area’s fast food franchise which led to suspension of employment. According to an article in Wall Street Journal, a ballot initiative in 2012 which was started by San Jose State University students led to a 2 dollar increase in minimum wage in the city. It was expected that this would result into job losses. However, data reveals that this was not the case (Morath 1). Employment in the fast-food industry increased after higher wages were in place. By the beginning of 2014, the pace of increase in employment in San Jose region was still more than the improvement in the whole state of California. Almost half of the minimum wage employees are hired in food service (Morath 1). San Jose city accounts for approximately half the population in the metro region, which comprises of Santa Clara and Sunnyvale. The minimum wage rate is said to be $8 in those neighboring cities. These results are far from conclusive. They still appear to fit researches that established that minimum wage increases at a local area have not resulted in notable job losses in fast-food restaurants (Morath 1). Prior researches in contrast to the recent findings concluded that 10% rise in the minimum wage decreased teen employment by 1 to 3 percent. The reasons that are offered for these new controversial findings consist of problematic methodologies, poor data and the likelihood of monopoly power. Employers

Paper review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper review - Essay Example The article also emphasizes on the motivation of employees in the workplace in order to achieve organizational success. To bring a sense of direction in the article, the introduction then discusses about the social change brought about by innovation. This change affects individual behavior in an organization as well as the organization’s work design. Individuals, therefore, have to change their attitude and behavior in order to successfully utilize innovation. The study in the article develops a model about the influence of the social environment on the adoption of innovation. Other previously formulated innovation-acceptance models have also been referred to. The study in the article has three listed specific objectives. Generally, the broad objective is to analyze the impact of social factors on the adoption of innovation at the individual level. The specific objectives seek to look into the impact of peers and the social network as well as the moderating effect brought about by age and gender. The research methodology is also well laid out. Data was collected from the entire management personnel at the University of South Australia. Online survey questionnaires were used as the primary procedure for data collection during the study. Microsoft outlook was also used because of its relevancy in the field of study. The types of questions used in the questionnaires were well varied to involve a wide scope of study and a pilot study is done to pre-test the study instruments. The measurement of constructs was done through modified measures that suited each particular construct in the study. Statistical analysis was then done in order to test the model. The results obtained from the study show the important role that the social network plays in the formation of attitude towards innovation. Apparently, positive attitudes influence the usage and adoption innovations, especially in the workplace.

Stolen Generation Essay Example for Free

Stolen Generation Essay The forced removal of Aboriginal and Torres Islander children was forcefully taken away from their families between the 1890’s and the 1969. The children were given to churches, missionary institutes and some children were given to white families. Most of the children never saw their families again; more than 100,000 children were removed from their families They removed children without parental consent and without a court order. They wanted these children to be brought up as a part of white families and forget their Aboriginal culture, if however, children spoke their own language; they were abused by their white family because they wanted to breed out and eliminate the Aboriginal race from their land. They were considered to be low class inferior people. In the removal the government, churches, and welfares were in charge to remove especially the half-cast children, and they thought that they were doing the right thing and justified their action by saying that they are providing these children with a better life. Girls were sent to be trained as house maids, farm hands and labourers. Boys were sent to be trained as Farm workers or as a labourer. They were not allowed to speak their language or any ritual practice. When children were taken from their mothers, they felt helpless and could not do anything about it. While they were growing up they had a lack of Self-esteem, insecurity and felt that they were are worthless. They had depression problems, many committed suicide. Many of the children lost their own language and culture. Some of the children, when they finally met their parents, it was almost impossible to communicate and there was big cultural gap. When they were in a missionary, they had the anxiety of separation of their families and siblings and thought that they would never see their family ever again as a result this made them feel even more lonely. They were deprived of their loved ones and their affections. Some of the children were sexually and physically abused. Many of them suffered deep psychological harm, depression and some of them committed suicide, once the stolen generation children reach the age of 18 year, they were left to live with an English family and no one cared how you were treated because they were your owners.

Impact of Wal-Mart on the US Economy Essay -- Business Economics

Impact of Wal-Mart on the US Economy Wal-Mart has had a significant economic impact on the US, as well as the economies of countries that have relations with the US. Wal-Mart is the world’s biggest company of any kind, with 80 percent of the households in America purchasing something from the superstore; it is the nation’s largest retailer. Wal-Mart’s continuing price reduction has given Americans the advantage of being able to afford 15 to 20 percent more than they previously could. (Hansen) In a world governed by globalization and greed, competition has become rigid; as a result firms like Wal-Mart have utilized advanced marketing strategies to insure that they are on the ‘neck’ of competition, and are the core deciders of the market. (Ortega) However, Wal-Mart made decisions that were of a disadvantage to aspects of the economy, including the depletion on a small scale of Small Town USA. Wal-Mart has been of a great advantage to the US economy, being the world’s largest private employer thus providing more jobs. Wal-Mart is currently employing 1.5 million which equals to the population of 12 states. In addition, Wal-Mart has caused the lowering of prices of competitors known as the ‘Wal-Mart effect’, this saved Americans approximately $100 billion in 2002. (Hansen) On a smaller degree, this caused an individual American to save 15 to 20 percent of their income on necessities, allowing the surplus to be utilized in a fashion that allows an expenditure which fulfills a specific luxury to the individual, for example a car etc.. From my point of view, this allows the less advantaged to be able to purchase beyond necessities, and causing more money to spread through the market rather than the recycl... ...al-Mart’s methods to keeping these prices down have been immoral. In addition, they have taken advantage of town resources for example, subsidies, employee benefits and exploitation of cheap labor. Even though they have surpassed significantly in attracting customers all over the nation, they failed to do so ethically. This has created losses to competitors, and the battle for profit is an ongoing one. Therefore, I believe that Wal-Mart has become an economical disaster to competitors and the US as a whole. This is due to the exporting of huge amounts of funds to Asian countries, which in turn reduced the funds in the US due to continuous import costs. Works Cited: Hansen, Brian. "Big-Box Stores." Are They Good For America? 14 (2004). 14 Mar 2005 <www.libraries.psu.edu/cqresearcher>. Ortega, Bob. "Ban the Bargains." The Wall Street journal 11 Oct 1994.

Dorm Life Essay -- College Housing Relationships Essays

Dorm Life Each year students entering college face one of the biggest transitions they will ever have to encounter in there life, moving into a dorm room. Most students are use to living in a house with there family and most likely having there own bedroom and own bathroom. Now as they begin college, the students move in with complete strangers, and share a bedroom and maybe a bathroom with one to three other people. Adapting to this new environment might take a lot of time and patients for this college student to adjust and feel comfortable. Finally after adapting to this new life the college students begin to enjoy this new environment. In this paper I am going to talk about and explain some of the steps of this transition to dorm life and give some of my experiences. Just think about growing up and having your own bedroom that was twelve feet by eighteen feet, then all of a sudden you go off to college and you are sharing this same size bedroom with three other girls. Most people would feel very crammed and uneasy at first. This is exactly what happened to me. Even though I knew two out of three of my roommates it still felt uncanny. In our bedroom we had four beds that could not be bunked, a TV stand and TV, and we also had four night stands by each of our beds. Built in one wall of the bedroom were a mirror, sink, and some drawers. This dorm room also had a living room (which was the same size as the bedroom), where we each had our own little desk area for our computers and what not. The fourth roommate decided to bring her own desk even though she had another desk to use. This desk took up a lot of space that we did not have. We also had a futon, papazon chair, trunk, refrigerator, microwave, and storag... ... life is all the memories you get to make. The late night conversations with your roommates about life and your future goals are the best. Cheering up your roommate by doing something funny to make them laugh after a bad day of classes. Its always great to be cheered up by someone who has got to know you in a short period of time but has also got to see almost all side of you. Movie marathons on those rainy days with the roommates to pass the time always keep me out of the state of boredom. These are just a few things that students store in there dorm life memory box. College is not all about the studying, and classes, it is the life outside of classes, the dorm life. Dorm life is not all that bad once the college student gets use to the small room and having to share it with one to two other peers. Most likely the good times out weigh the bad by a lot.

A Conflict Case Study Analysis and Proposal

A destructive conflict was created by the parties involved in the case study 2 section 2 (Erbe, 2003) when they failed to recognize the sole purpose of a spiritual community. The spiritual community's sole purpose was to unite the members by leading them through a common belief and offering them any support they may require.The spiritual leader was charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the goals of the community were achieved. Instead of her using the powers bestowed to her to perform her role and the duties expected of her, she started to abuse these powers and instead of uniting the staff members and drawing them close to her, she scared them off. She started using her power to abuse and intimidate the subordinate staff in her office.This continued for such a long time that it became a ritual. It was in fact perceived that the spiritual leader's intention was to hurt those individuals she thought did not belong to her circle.The issue of a fired staff came at the time th e spiritual leader was also serving as the leader of the community. The spiritual leader's apparent abuse of power is said to have caused the occurrence of the incident.We can not conclusively say that the complaining group's accusations made against the leader are accurate as no face to face interview with the spiritual leader to get her side of the story and comment had yet been conducted. This implies that facts about the true motive behind the sacking of the staff member and whether bullying really is going on are still unknown.Besides, the complaining parties might be exaggerating in describing their accusations against the spiritual leader as there always is possibility of cognitive and perceptual distortions occurring where such issues are concerned. This calls for further investigation into the matter as it is necessary to establish the truth and also find out if the perceptual and distortion theories are present in the issue.It is important to note that the organization com prised of only women. However, the culture of the organization is more masculine than feminine. This is based on the on the way the leader executed her leadership responsibilities. Her expectations of the staff members were more rigid than what is normally expected of feminine organizations (Erbe, 2003).The leader created power and status, had matched experience to commanded attention and built ideas competitively which is characteristic of masculine organizations (Erbe. 2003). These leadership traits hence made the spiritual leader masculine as she did not exert the female leadership skills that are usually more dynamic.This caused her to conflict with the rest of the staff members as her version of leadership was not favourable with them (Erbe, 2003). Â   These differences in the way the leadership was handled caused the first phase of conflict which proceeded with time as in the escalating destructive conflict model created by Erbe.The conflict proceeded as members of the staff who were not in the leader's circle got scared of opposing her abuse and bullying. This resulted to repeated abuse by the leader as no one was able to stand up to her. This eventually triggered accumulation of ill feelings against the leader amongst the staff members.This was even made worse by the fact that the spiritual leader was not meeting the staff member's root expectation of her. Usually people expect spiritual leaders to be kind, fair, just and humane, this was however not so with this leader.The complaining group was later empowered when a law graduate entered the conflict and joined their side. She made them aware of heir legal rights which they did not know before. She explained to them that they could file a suite against the spiritual leader for abusing them.This was an empowerment to the complaining party as they got to know that there was a venue for them to air their grievances and concerns with the hope of getting help. More abuse from the leader were reported, for example there is an instance where she is said to have verbally abused a secretary who later went to seek counselling as she had been deeply hurt by the abuse.The peak of the conflict was experienced when one of the staff members was found with a gun. Violence which is known to be the ultimate manifestation of a conflict usually triggers destructive and undesired dynamics (Erbe, 2003).

Gucci Brief

GUCCI GROUP N. V. (A) [pic] BUSINESS BRIEF Gucci is one of the most glittering names in the luxury world. The trademark of red-and-green striped webbing & GG logo became known worldwide. Gucci have $3 billion in hand to expand their business. By keeping in view this case study I suggest that Gucci should move towards multi-branding. Because Desole was confident that Gucci’s creative team would be able to recreate its magic at YSL. And the future of Gucci really lies with multi-brand groups. Gucci faced the challenges from LVMH. LVMH considered adding Gucci to his stable of brands but balked at the asking price of $350 million. So, Gucci is not secure if Gucci not acquire the multi-brands than, any other company may acquire it. Gucci retained deep roots in Italy, and it was a remarkably international company, even before becoming a multi-brand group. Gucci’s core customer was a wealthy, somewhat conservative & older woman. These customers are fashion & style oriented customers. Style oriented customers are more brand loyal than fashion-concious customers. When Gucci start multi-branding these customers are ready to buy these products with the brand of GUCCI. Gucci acquired Sanofi Beaute, it split into two companies YSL ready-to-wear and accessories, & YSL Beaute which managed the fragrance & cosmetics brands. The Sanofi Beaute transactions transformed Gucci into a multi-brand group with $3 billion in cash. It shows that multi-branding is profitable for Gucci. Because when Gucci provide the shoes and cosmetics with their own brand after acquiring the already existing powerful brands of these products. Gucci’s customers are more willing to buy these products. The future of Gucci is secure with the multi-brand group. It increases the profitability and market share of Gucci.

Journal Entry

Wing evolution has been a highly debated topic in insects. Wings play a crucial role for insects since they are used to assist with collecting food, migration, fleeing from predators, and many other activities. There are three main theories that have been thoroughly researched to help explain the evolution of wings. These theories include the parental origin of wings, the tracheal gill theory, and the exit-endive theory. The parental origin of wings hypothesis states that wings developed from parental lobes.When insects fell on the ground, nobles first acted like a racquet so the insect can land swiftly on its feet and scurry away from predators. As nobles grew larger they developed from gliders into wings. The main evidence behind this theory is the presence of broad thoracic onto and wing like pornographic lobes on fossils Of Ephemerals, Plenipotentiary and Appropriate that show venation and articulation (Whitfield 324).The tracheal gill hypothesis postulates that wings developed f rom tracheae gills since both were thin, membranous and mobile. Gills first started off for being used for breathing in oxygen, then used as fins to promote locomotion, ND finally modified the spiracles which reduced water loss to permit gliding which eventually turned into flying. Wigglers supported this theory by stating that wings and legs could be found in the thorax if it was originated by exits (Whitfield 325).The exit-endive hypothesis proposes Koala-Peck's theory about wings developed from exits that were found on many leg bases of early insects. Later, it was found that those insects also had endives. This theory was us ported by the fact that wings are originated from a structural feature that already had the necessary muscles, tendons and appendages of insects. This was later proven by the dismissal of Montana's theory that insect's legs are different than other arthropods legs (Whitfield 326). Live that the exit-endive theory seems the most plausible since it is most lik ely that wings emerged from endives and exits since those features were already present in insects. Also this theory has the most support compared to the other two theories and there are not many who oppose this theory. For the tracheal gill hypothesis to be true, the invasion of land would have to happen twice to accommodate for both insects with wings and without wings, Journal Entry On the news there was a story about a new museum being opened up in the American South that depicts the belief in creationism instead of evolution. Basically, this museum depicts human beings being created by God alongside dinosaurs and does not recognize that the Earth is older than 10,000 years old. Many people are protesting the museum because they feel that it perpetuates a religious belief as science and that it cannot be considered truthful and shouldn’t be viewed as a museum. I feel that this article is important because it shows how different religions and cultures can clash and different viewpoints can cause conflict amongst people. This news story, that I saw on CNN, has a central theme revolving around the fact that religion and science can cause conflict in a community. This was very interesting because of the fact this is the first museum to depict creationism as a science and because it is making such an impact in the community, with so many people protesting it because they feel it shouldn’t be marketed as science but as religion. This is important because both religious and non-religious people need to live side by side in our communities and it raises questions about how this can happen in terms of their beliefs about creation versus evolution, and how this aspect can help shape each of us depending on our upbringing and personal beliefs. Journal Entry # 2 The article â€Å"Trial set to begin in Mississippi civil rights-era case† by Jerry Mitchell appeared the USA Today on May 24, 2007 and deals with the case of a man who is facing charges for killing two African-American teenagers in 1964. This is an interesting article because it shows how much different our culture is today from the culture of the civil rights-era United States. Back then, white men were not punished for killing blacks, but today our culture and society have changed enough that we can look to make the past right to make a better foundation for the future. In the past few years there has been a push in Mississippi to bring to justice former klansmen and other racists who killed civil rights workers and African-Americans during a time and in a place where discrimination was so abundant that no one would convict them. This case is one of these, and is an interesting look at how the justice system can be corrupt and yet, today, we can try to make things right. This is so important today because of the issue of racism that is still there below the surface in many instances. Journal Entry # 3 The article â€Å"Gold Star wives help a new generation of war widows† that appeared on CNN.com on May 26, 2007 is an interesting look at the way that our own suffering can be a basis for helping others in similar situations. The article deals with the social issue of war and how it affects not only the people in the midst of the war but the wives, husbands, and children that are left behind by the men and women who die in the war in Iraq. This article is about a woman named Marie Speer who lost her husband in WWII and how she founded this organization called Gold Star Wives, which was established to help war widows in many various ways, from friendship and compassion, to helping lobby for benefits for the wives and husbands of those lost in the war. This story is applicable to the real world because of how our culture has been affected by the war in Iraq and how society looks at this conflict and the people affected by it. This is interesting because it shows how Americans are coming together and using their own experiences to help others and try to bring them through the pain of loss and grief. This is so important today because of the loss of connection many of us have in relation to each other. For example, many people cannot connect with people of other generations but in this article it shows how a WWII war widow has so much in common with a widow of a soldier in Iraq. It shows how we can all connect with each other on some level, and this is important in a country that lacks that. Journal Entry # 4 On Glenn Beck there was a story about how Rev. Al Sharpton, who had just finished recently lobbying to get Don Imus fired for his racial remarks regarding the Rutgers basketball team, had said something discriminatory about Mitt Romney’s Mormon religion. This is an important issue because so many people can look at this and see that so many people have underlying racism or discrimination about other people’s race, ethnicity, or religion. This is an aspect of our culture that has shaped each of us, depending on where we grew up and who raised us, as well as what our own experiences have shown or taught us. The central theme of this news story is that sometimes we can see discrimination within others more than we can within ourselves and that this needs to be an issue that is raised to each of us when it comes to light. This is very interesting in one aspect because those who thought that the media made too much out of the comments by Imus could say that Sharpton had no right to complain because he then becomes embroiled in his own scandal, but others can look at it from a different perspective and say that comments about race and religion are completely different and shouldn’t be equally compared. This is so important in our politically correct society because it begs an answer to the question about what is discrimination and when does free speech cross the line, and how has society viewed free speech and political correctness. Journal Entry # 5 The article â€Å"The First Steps† by Alex Tresniowski, et al, appears in the May 7, 2007 issue of People Magazine and is a look at the healing process that is happening at the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Virginia following the massacre that killed 33 students in Norris Hall on April 16th. This article is unlike many of the others because instead of dealing with the dark, brooding gunman or all of the mistakes and issues that led up to the shooting, it deals with how the students affected will take steps to heal and help create a better environment for all students on campus. This article was interesting to me because it was not just another doom and gloom article about the tragedy but point out what was being done right by the Virginia Tech students, faculty, and campus administrators to help the college heal. It was interesting to read the stories about these heroes and the terrible trauma that they went through during the massacre. It was also interesting to learn about how the community and society has come together to help create a safer environment at colleges and to help these students through the tragedy. Violence has become such a huge social problem in our society and this issue was made even more glaring by this particular school shooting. The article’s look at the counseling being offered, the changes in the college, and most especially the way that the community, parents, and students are all reaching out to each other as a means of healing is incredible. It also shows how they are hoping to eliminate loners and outcasts like the shooter by reaching out to their fellow classmates in need. Instead of dwelling on the bad, they are looking for something positive to come out of the tragedy.                Journal Entry Wing evolution has been a highly debated topic in insects. Wings play a crucial role for insects since they are used to assist with collecting food, migration, fleeing from predators, and many other activities. There are three main theories that have been thoroughly researched to help explain the evolution of wings. These theories include the parental origin of wings, the tracheal gill theory, and the exit-endive theory. The parental origin of wings hypothesis states that wings developed from parental lobes.When insects fell on the ground, nobles first acted like a racquet so the insect can land swiftly on its feet and scurry away from predators. As nobles grew larger they developed from gliders into wings. The main evidence behind this theory is the presence of broad thoracic onto and wing like pornographic lobes on fossils Of Ephemerals, Plenipotentiary and Appropriate that show venation and articulation (Whitfield 324).The tracheal gill hypothesis postulates that wings developed f rom tracheae gills since both were thin, membranous and mobile. Gills first started off for being used for breathing in oxygen, then used as fins to promote locomotion, ND finally modified the spiracles which reduced water loss to permit gliding which eventually turned into flying. Wigglers supported this theory by stating that wings and legs could be found in the thorax if it was originated by exits (Whitfield 325).The exit-endive hypothesis proposes Koala-Peck's theory about wings developed from exits that were found on many leg bases of early insects. Later, it was found that those insects also had endives. This theory was us ported by the fact that wings are originated from a structural feature that already had the necessary muscles, tendons and appendages of insects. This was later proven by the dismissal of Montana's theory that insect's legs are different than other arthropods legs (Whitfield 326). Live that the exit-endive theory seems the most plausible since it is most lik ely that wings emerged from endives and exits since those features were already present in insects. Also this theory has the most support compared to the other two theories and there are not many who oppose this theory. For the tracheal gill hypothesis to be true, the invasion of land would have to happen twice to accommodate for both insects with wings and without wings,

Dells Supply Chain Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dells Supply Chain Management - Case Study Example It also highlights the key issues or limitations of existing SCM process followed by Dell and recommends specific measures to prevent or overcome those limitations. Dell Inc ('Company') is a multinational technology company that offers a broad range of product categories, including computer desktop systems, servers and networking products, mobility products, software and peripherals and enhanced services. The Company has often been cited as one of the premier innovators in supply chain design and execution. Its demand-driven, outsourced operational model enabled it to achieve market domination, which then allowed it to dictate costs and standards to suppliers. This report is based on analysis of information available on the Company's website and publicly published reports. Supply chain management (SCM) is a comprehensive activity including management of the flow of materials, information, and funds across the entire supply chain, from suppliers to component producers to final assemblers to distributors, and ultimately to the consumer; including after-sales service and sales returns Johnson.(M. Eric & Pyke F. David 1999). In a global environment, firms have to deal with multiple suppliers and customers and are required to manage inventories in new and innovative ways. Various industrial researchers have stressed the importance of viewing SCM as an integrated system. With different methodologies of SCM implemented by various businesses in the same sector, it is more of a competition amongst the various methods of managing the supply chain for businesses, even those belonging to the same sector. SCM has generated much interest in recent years for a number of reasons. It has become crucial for businesses across sectors to realize that weak performance of one member of value chain could ultimately influence the profitability of the entire business. In this highly competitive business environment, cost of poor coordination between suppliers and customers can be extremely high. Especially in sectors characterized by fluctuating demand, a weak SCM can result in inefficient use of production, high transportation costs and high inventory costs. This cost increases as we move up the supply chain from consumer to distributor to producer, a phenomenon known as a 'Bullwhip Effect' (Johnson .M. Eric & Pyke F. David 1999). Similarly, an efficient SCM which is well integrated across the value chain of the business can provide a significant competitive advantage. On a broad level, supply chain management can be based on one of the two approaches; 'push approach' or 'pull approach'. The push system takes full benefit from economies of scale in production and input acquisition by producing optimal output size and then distributing to wholesalers and retailers (Papadakis 2002). On the other hand, pull approach is known for its adaptive efficiency and is applied by sectors where demand is highly volatile and technology is depreciated fast. According to the pull system, a value adding transformation takes place only after someone demands it, in a Just in Time (JIT) fashion, thereby inventory risk is minimized (Papadakis 2002). Dell has applied the pull system of supply chain mana

M4M4 Monoculture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M4M4 Monoculture - Assignment Example Today, many of small nations and communities living along the coast lines are highly threatened as beaches once locked in Arctic permafrost continue to be released by melting ice, shoreline erosion, rise in sea levels and increased storm activity. According to Pilkey, Pilkey and Fraser (2011), Miami has been listed as one of the most threatened cities based on the value of property that could be destroyed by floods caused by a three-foot sea level rise. It is estimated that sea levels in some cities located along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts could rise up to 55 inches. In a particular, the sea levels could rise by 20 inches in Miami Beach while in Boston city the levels could hit the 38 inches mark. The following table represents some of the urban centers likely to be affected by rising sea levels across the globe. The population likely to be affected by rising sea levels in Miami is estimated to be above 5.2 million and is expected to increase due to the growing number of tourism activities in the city (Pilkey, Pilkey & Fraser, 2011). This city is fourth largest and also United States’ lowest city. For this reason, sea levels are expected to increase by 20 inches by 2020. Floods resulting from the rising levels are expected to disrupt water supply systems in the city leading to emergence of waterborne disease including cholera and typhoid among other complications. Floods also form breeding areas for mosquitoes leading to high prevalence of malaria and other conditions whose mosquitoes are the vectors. Boston city is current listed among several U.S coastal areas where more than 4.5 million people living along the coastal line are to be adversely affected by expected rise in sea levels (Green Peace Campaign, n.d). Such populations are likely to be completely displaced leading to public health complications associated with displaced persons

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Paraphrase - Essay Example According to Gorbett and Pharr, flash point is defined as the â€Å"minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with the air, near the surface of the liquid or within the visual used, as determined by the appropriate test procedure and apparatus† (2011, p.g., 310). In addition to this definition, NFPA classifications state that lamp oil, which is used for this experiment, is combustible and flash point will occur at temperature higher than 100 degrees F. To reach this point, the temperature of the flame needs to increase at a minimum of 5 degrees every minute. With these objectives in mind, the experiment was completed to determine the exact temperature when flash point would occur with lamp oil. Within this experiment, there were particular factors that were essential variables to completing this process. These pieces include the actual experiment ingredients as well as personal protective equipment or PPE. The necessary components of this experiment include the following: With the purpose and components of the closed cup flash point experiment established, this analysis can now provide the steps followed to garner the determined results in this process. The experiment was completed in the listed steps: This closed cup flash point experiment with lamp oil was completed by testing temperatures of flame beginning at 82 degrees F and ending at 167 degrees, which was the temperature when the oil finally did reach flash point. Before analyzing the results of the experiment, it is important to highlight that, as with nearly any scientific experiment, there was a potential for human error. In the context of this experiment, the human error could have occurred in the step which required the flame to increase by 5 degrees F each minute the lamp oil was being tested to determine flash point. Aside from this potential degree of human error, the

The importance of customer loyalty Literature review

The importance of customer loyalty - Literature review Example The study presents that every consumer desires to purchase a product from a brand that she/he perceives to have the best product features, images and of the best quality. It is these perceptions that bring about the products consumer loyalty. Brand loyalty begins with the purchase of the product for trials, and if the products quality is satisfactory, they become consistent in purchasing the product. Brand loyalty is the consumers repeated intention or behavior to continually repurchase the commodity. Brand loyalty is defined as the strength of preference towards a brand than other available options. Brand loyalty is determined through repeat buying and the sensitivity of the price. There are six conditions, which define brand loyalty. These conditions can be summarized as follows; the biased product purchase behavior expressed for a long duration, and the purchase has had influence in consumer’s decision making over other alternative product. True brand loyalty only exists wh en a customer have a high preference towards the brand and is only confirmed by the repetitive purchase of the product. This loyalty is said to be of considerable significance to the company. With brand loyalty, consumers are not affected by the increase of prices. There are two approaches used in defining the loyalty construct; first is the behavioral one which suggested that the loyalty of a brand is only expressed when there is repeat purchase of commodity overtime. The other approach is the attitudinal perspective, which assumes that loyalty of a brand is not necessarily determined by the consistency of its purchase, and that repetitive product purchase must be accompanied by positive attitude towards the behavior. Therefore, brand behavior is a function of both attitudes and the consumer behavior. Established consumers or those who are loyal to a brand are likely to continue buying from the company regardless of price fluctuations of the product (Wang and Sidek, 2008). Therefor e, it is indispensable for a company to establish a strong relationship with the consumer through marketing strategies such as packaging, advertising their products and producing commodities of the right quantity and quality whish are of satisfactory to the consumer (Chi, Yeh and Yang 2009). Factors influencing the customer loyalty To start with is the product quality judgment. Product quality judgment is categorized in to two sub groups namely a) perceived quality and b) objective quality. Perceived product quality is considered as the consumer’s consistency purchase of the product or the benefit of a product after evaluation. It has also been defined as the recognition of a product by the user. Objective quality has been defined as the orientation of the product (Akbar and Parves, 2009). The difference between these two types of quality is that objective quality standard is predesigned by a product whilst perceived quality standard is the influence by internal and external attributes of a product, which in turn affect the consumer’s products evaluation. It has also been pointed out that in objective quality; the consumers utilize their experience and knowledge to grade the products advantages, durability and satisfaction (Armstrong and Kotler, 2009). Perceived quality is also defined as a consumer judgment on the overall cumulative and advantages. It is argued that perceived quality