How Far Do the Sources Suggest That James I’s Extravagance?

How far do the sources suggest that it was James I’s extravagant giving was the cause of his financial problems? On the face of it the sources seem to disagree on this issue. Sources ten and twelve seem to show that James’ extravagant giving was the cause of his financial problems however source eleven seems to show that it was not James’ extravagant giving that caused his financial problems.In source ten, ‘Matthew Hutton’ states that, â€Å"His Majesty’s subjects hear and fear that King James’ heroical and excellent nature is too inclined to giving† and that this will soon ‘exhaust the treasury of his kingdom’, thus implying that James’s extravagant nature was and will be the cause of his financial problems. This is further backed up by source twelve as it states that James ‘is very generous with his gifts’ and that ‘gifts to the scots are causing an incurable leak from the cistern, this is demonstrating how James’ extravagance is causing him financial trouble.Whereas on the face of it source eleven seems to disagree with the other two sources as it demonstrates how it was not James’ extravagance that was causing him financial trouble. In this source it states that payments to the king, for example taxes are not paid or collected and also ‘The Earl of Dorset’ goes on to say that the fact James I has a family is another reason for his financial trouble.Furthermore as this this is a letter from the ‘Lord Treasurer’ to ‘The Chancellor of the Exchequer’ this is the most reliable source about whether it was James’ extravagance that was causing him financial problems as between them they are the people who look after and maintain the treasury. However it can be argued that all three sources agree to a large extent that it was not James’ extravagant personality that caused his financial problems.Firstly in so urce twelve it does not specifically say that he is ‘extravagant’ also at the time it was written, 1604, James the I was not actually in debt and so this is not a very reliable source to find out whether James’ extravagance caused him financial problems. Source twelve can also back up the point that it was not James’ extravagant giving that caused him financial difficulty as it states that, â€Å"Parliament could replenish the treasury of his Majesty’ Treasury.This implies that it was parliament who caused James’ financial troubles as they did not give him the funds needed to suffice all of his needs, and so in order to negotiate with others he had to resort to giving as he was not given the money needed to create an army. Also, in source twelve the person who wrote the letter was not a part of the government and so this means that he would not have been that close to James to be able to judge whether he was an extravagant giver or not.This is backed up further by his statement, â€Å"I understand from common talk† thus implying that these are just rumours and so they are not a reliable source of information for the listener, in this case John More, and as the information was not reliable that makes the source not reliable. Furthermore, as source ten was written a few years before the rest it was not that reliable and this was further proved by the fact that it is written before the time that James ends up in debt.Therefore the sources, when taken together, show that it was not James I’s extravagant giving that caused his financial difficulties, but that there were a lot of contributing factors stated in source eleven which is the most reliable source and should therefore have the most weight put onto it. This is because the source is between the two leading members who are looking after James I’s money.And sources ten and twelve are not that reliable so they do have so much weight put onto them th us backing up further that it was not James’ extravagant personality as on the face of it that was they suggest but. But when the sources are looked at collectively they show that it was not James’ extravagant giving that caused him financial trouble. Brendon Head Word Count (686 words)

Judaism, Christian, and Islamic Religions

The Judaism, Christian, and Islamic religions have its own approach to art and architecture. These religions distinctive styles were influenced by political and spiritual upheavals In society, the environs, and the consciousness of the Inhabitants. Their expression of Inner feelings and beliefs lead to the creation of sacred monumental structures and beautiful art In which people can reflect and gain inspiration from the delve. The Judaism, Charlatanry, and Islam diverse traditions and theologies offer an illuminating insight into their notions of the sacker and profanes. JewishJewish art and its development is acutely intertwined with Christian art due to its profound connections to each other. Although Judaism and Christianity are similar and different in many respects, the Jewish religion is a far older faith. In referring to the Jewish theological notion of sacker and profanes, they believe that God is non- figurative, they worship in synagogues, and their religious text is the f ive books of Moses the Torah, and the Ten Commandments are the foundation of their laws. The synagogues equates to the Temple of Jerusalem, as religious houses where the Jews reactive their faith.Their cultural, social, and religious belief continues through their art and architecture. According to Soles, â€Å"Jewish art Is an art of symbols to convey a relationship to the sacker- (Soles, L 10). The Durra-Europe (c. 239 AD. ) synagogue artwork is significant because they are the most all-encompassing and extensive figural representation of early Jewish art history to survive. Representations of God do not appear in the Jewish context due to the Second Commandment; however, the use of symbols in their depictions exemplifies their faith as they illustrated episodes room the Hebrew Bible.The Durra-Europe western wall mural paintings depict tremendous figurative imagery. Soles indicated that there Is an emphasis on the themes of redemption and salvation connotative in the area above t he Torah niche. The central Image is a schematic representation of the front doors of the Temple of Jerusalem that In the future will be rebuilt, to the right Is Abraham about to sacrifice Isaac, but In the end Is saved, and to the left are the seven-branch candelabra (Soles, L 10).The Image of the seven-branch candelabra depicted throughout Jewish art story is a symbol of salvation and redemption due to the conviction that the world was created in seven days and the law of keeping the seventh day a holy day. The number seven is important because it represents â€Å"completion and perfection† (Soles, L 10). Another image on the wall of Durra-Europe is a continuous narration depicting the Life of Moses. There are two large representations of Moses in the center, one is turning to part the Red Sea that destroys the Egyptians, and the other is of him leading the Israelites to the sea.These mural scenes emphasizes the Jewish people's event with God and sends a message that they a re the chosen people of Israel. In the middle ages, there was a change in attitude towards the Jewish community in various parts of the world. There were not able to profess their religion architecturally with outward displays that denote their religious affiliation Like the Christians and the Muslims could, so they glorified and sanctified their faith Inside the synagogues. Soles stated that the Jewish community were not interested in religious houses (L 14).The Gothic style Latten Synagogue in Prague built in between he 12th and the 13th century displays its artistic and cultural distinction from other religions. Inside there is a pair of columns sustaining the roof with the central element the bimbo, which is a raised platform where the reading of the Torah occurs. The seating arrangement goes around the bimbo facing forward towards the Aaron (holy arch) in a semi horseshoe. Both the bimbo and the Aaron are raised above the Jewish congregating implying their close relationship wi th God (Soles, L 14).On the ceiling there are five ribs installed to avoid having a cruciform, to not emulate Christianity. Another feature in synagogues is the parakeet (Torah curtain). The early 17th Coupled-column Ottoman parakeet is a blending of Jewish symbolizes with Islamic influences. There is a pair of columns alluding to the Temple of Jerusalem and a Miramar opening. The central image is the goblet with nine lamps hanging from it. In Judaism, the number nine is associated with perfection and the cycles of birth and rebirth as this number mirrors the relationship between God and humanity (soles, ALL).Christian As the Western Empire declined and finally collapse in 476, cultural and political dervish shifted to the Eastern Empire. The development of Byzantine art was the result of religious and diplomatic strife between the east and west. Justinian I (c. 482-565) was the ruler of the east and under his governance, Constantinople became the artistic capital of the Empire. The Haggis Sophia (532-37 A. D) is the earliest example on an epic scale of the basic feature of Byzantine architecture as a surviving monument in Justinian reign.The interior of the church has an aesthetic quality that is magnificent in appearance and reinforces the theme of redemption and lavational along with sacker and profanes in a new reality (Soles, Al 1). The central feature of the Church of Holy Wisdom is the nave that is crowned by the dome. The dome rests on four arches and has an array of windows, which acts as the eyes. According to Soles, the numerous windows act as windows to the soul that connects the Empire to the heavens (Soles, Al 1). The arches are broken up into smaller arches, with semicircular apses, and arcades with ornamental details in the molding and the capitals.Furthermore, the lighting in this church played a key role attributed to he rows of windows that gives the illusion that the dome is floating. The Haggis Sophia represented God on a grand scale that left the people feeling exulted and in awe. In the 1 lath and the 12th century, there is a continuation of sacker and profanes demonstrated in the constructions of churches in Western Europe. Piety was on the rise and a lot of the populace went on religious pilgrimages to express their devotion of the Roman Catholic faith. This period was also the birth of Romanesque architecture.Architects utilized Roman antiquity to develop their churches with Christian themes. The SST. Sermon De Toulouse church in Toulouse, France, marks a geographical point for a religious pilgrimage. The architectural shape is that of a cruciform that invokes the crucifixion of Christ as well as the Chi-RYO is symbolizing the victory over death. In the middle of the 12th century, a new architectural style replaced the Romanesque design known as Gothic. In France, Abbot Surer and state. Because of this, Gothic style religious houses became the dominant public worship site in the early medieval period.The Nave of Chartres Cathedral is the epitome of Gothic style. There is a greater sense of light and openness compared to Romanesque. In the interior, the arches come together at points called gives giving the entire cathedral a â€Å"sense of heaven-forwardness† (Soles, Al 2). Gothic churches have many large windows and flying buttresses on the outside of the church, connecting to the main structure. The South transept rose window from the Chartres Cathedral has a central stained glass depiction of Jesus surrounded by twelve apostles.This culls, also has below its five images representing the five wounds of Christ with the images of the four Hebrew biblical prophets. The Gothic architectural style and the stained glass illustrations convey a message of spirituality and majesty between humanity and divinity. Islam In the 7th century, the religion known as Islam took root in the Middle East by its founder and prophet, Muhammad. In the course of his lifetime and 30 years after his death i n 632 A. D. , this religion spread to Africa, Spain, and Asia. It also converted many places of worship into mosques like the Haggis Sophia in 1453.The practitioners f this faith became Muslim which means â€Å"submitter† or â€Å"committee† to the will of God or in Arabic, Allah. The Curran became the secular textural foundation for the Islamic religion. With their faith basis, Muslims continued the sacker and profanes in their architecture and art. In Jerusalem, the Dome of the Rock (c. 687-691) monument is the earliest Islamic building to survive. According to legend, Muhammad was taken by the angel Gabriel on a mi ‘raja (spiritual Journey) to experience both heaven and hell, which made it a sacred site (Soles, Al 3).The golden dome itself is one highest mint in Jerusalem as it rests on an octagonal structure, which rest on a square base. The dome symbolizes heaven and it mirrors the one on the Haggis Sophia. The squared platform echoes the four directions of profane and profanes, between an earthbound and the spiritual reality. The octagonal, a combination of a square and a circle represents the eight-pointed star, which also reinforces the ideal of heaven and earth is Joined in abstract terms (Soles, L 13). Outside this structure, there is a dynamic contrast between geometric, rectilinear, and curvilinear elements in a series f abstractions and colors.The colorful beauty with its detailed abstract designs, motifs, religious significance, and the distinctive structural design became the foundation of Islamic art and architecture for Muslims throughout the world. Another feature in Islamic architecture is the Miramar (niche) in the cabala wall to indicate the direction of Mecca. According to the Curran, Muslims must kneel and pray before Allah five times a day towards the holy land therefore, this Miramar served as geographical orientation. Muslims usually have mass prayer in all parts of the oral; therefore, in Islam everyone is equal i n their faith.This equality is reinforced on an architectural and a spiritual level because both the Christian and Jewish religions have an ecclesiastical court, Muslims pray directly to Allah without any clergy, thus in a way are more self-conscious with their relationship to God. There is a great deal of borrowing, emulation, and transformation in the Jewish, relationship with God through art and architecture. The constant sacker and profanes theme in all the religions, rested on the conviction of salvation and the hope of eternal life in paradise.

Marketing Audit Analysis of Bmw

Marketing audit analysis of BMW. The marketing audit has certain similarities to a financial audit in that it is a review of your existing marketing activities. Carrying out the marketing audit provides the opportunity to review and appraise your whole marketing activity, enabling you to assess past and present performance as well as to provide the basis for evaluating possible future courses of action. Because the business environment is constantly changing, the marketing audit should be used as a reference tool, with constant updates reflecting changes in the external environment and your own internal business experiences. Internal Marketing Audit Internal auditing, as defined by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), is â€Å"an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes. † Independence is established by the organizational and reporting structure. Objectivity is achieved by an appropriate mind-set. The internal audit activity evaluates risk exposures relating to the organization's governance, operations and information systems, in relation to: * Effectiveness and efficiency of operations. Reliability and integrity of financial and operational information. * Safeguarding of assets. * Compliance with laws, regulations, and contracts. Based on the results of the risk assessment, the internal auditors evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of how risks are identified and managed in the above areas. They also assess other aspects such as ethics and values within the organization, performance management, communication of risk and control information within th e organization in order to facilitate a good governance process.

Technology and knowledge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technology and knowledge - Assignment Example The organization tracks various sectors starting from ‘aerospace and defense’, ‘chemicals, materials and food’, ‘consumer products’, ‘electronics’, ‘environment and energy’, ‘health care’ , ‘Information and Communication Technologies’, ‘Industrial automation’, and ‘transportation’. (Frost and Sullivan Research Archive, n.d.). The organization currently possesses more than 1800 industry consultants, market research analysts, technology analysts and economists. The organization has been such uniquely designed that it helps to integrate ‘training’, ‘research’, and ‘strategic growth consulting skills’ with the players in the industry. The knowledge base mainly comprises of the researchers. The research analysts are supervised by the industry analysts and hence by the directors. There are ten client business units and each unit has its own director or set of directors. These groups require specialization of knowledge and expertise in the respective subject areas. The company mainly acts as growth consultant for its clients. (Frost and Sullivan: Home page, n.d.) In the year 1998 the organization saw the successful launch of the new division which was called â€Å"Stratecast†. This division was primarily built to perform actionable, conclusive, and insightful strategic analysis utilized by the telecommunications industry. The senior executives were involved in the critical ‘business strategy’, ‘technological strategy’ and ‘tactical strategy’ decisions. The organization has been able to serve its clients by developing tools which are invaluable in planning and forecasting their business. The company has also gone ahead and launched a comprehensive industry newsletter which has benefitted the clients in a big way. Clients are able to keep a track of the market trends and news. These newsletters are called ‘Global Opportunity Newsletter’ and they

) Henry's speech was a call to action. What did he want his fellow Research Paper

) Henry's speech was a call to action. What did he want his fellow Virginians to do What were his justifications for the prop - Research Paper Example He suggests that slavery and lack of freedom among them can only bring about more violence and oppression to the region. He asks the fellow Virginians to fight energetically for their rights and freedom as they owe one from the British Empire. His justification for this call is that, not fighting and being ignorant to the atrocities of British ministry can only lead them slavery and oppression . Henry also mentions that the life with less liberty can make the Virginians weak in performing their duties and responsibilities to their own nation. It also can be a disloyalty to the God and the majestic heavens. He further argues that fleets of army and navy are not necessary for the British ministry to impart freedom and human rights to the fellow Virginians. Henry addresses the one who oppose him by saying that, the war has already begun. He is commenting that things have gone far than expected and the Virginian fellow men have taken action to launch war against British ministry. Henry i s making clear that the Virginian fellow men can get liberty only if they fight as the situation has gone out of hand Generally speaking, Slavery is the main theme in Henry’s speech and this is illustrated widely by him throughout his speech in an imagery way. His imagery can be seen when he comments that the fellow Virginians are in the forged chains of British ministry. The only factor which influences the fellowmen is the illusionary hope, which they nurture in their mind .They hope ardently that the British ministry would give them liberty in future times, but Henry see this hops as an illusion. Henry asserts that, the Virginian men and women are slaves of British colonists, and if they don’t fight then the state of Virginians can only be deteriorated. Henry also comments that their senses are not shut towards the atrocities of British leaders and war is inevitable. The imagery element is highly experienced when Henry claims that the clamoring of the slaved Virgini ans can be heard till the plains of Boston. This kind of imagery put forward by Henry showcases the oppression and despair in the minds of the subjects of Virginia. The imagery of Henry can be reflected when he argues that the fellowmen has the blessing of God of nature in fighting and they can win as they are in the favor of truth and liberty. The imagery of God has prominent influence on fellow Virginians as this re-imposed the religious thoughts and principles buried in their minds. Henry has intimidated the Virginians by declaring several resolutions to protect the human rights and liberty of the country men. One among them was the tax resolution which aimed the well being of the fellow Virginians. â€Å"Henry’s five resolution, known popularly as the Virginia Resolves, might have remained a local matter had if not for the colonial press†(pg.118,chapter Apparently, the imagery used by Henry like slavery and power of God and nature has well resonated among the Virgi nians because they believe in God and can resemble things regarding their life to the Henry’s speech. The Virginians of the British colony were living a life that resembled slaves and hence the call for action by Henry hit the Virginians hard. Henry knew that Virginians were religious people, thus the mention of imagery like God’s and nature’s power initiated a profound impact on his countrymen. Henry in his speech has taken the

Fighting for Four Freedoms and the Cold War and the United States Essay

Fighting for Four Freedoms and the Cold War and the United States - Essay Example Peace is far better tool rather than war. The cold war was a hostile rivalry between the US and Soviet Union which started from 1940’s and continued till the Soviet Union broke in 1991.The main reasons of the Cold war was the difference of ideologies. Soviet union which was basically a communist country was ruled by a dictator .this idea was not appreciated by the Americans. Both the nations believed that the other would harm the other nation beliefs. Stalin wanted other countries to come forward to help protect the Soviet Union from being invaded again on the other hand, US and Britain were worried that most of the areas of Eastern Europe were falling under Soviet Union. So lack of trust weakened these nations and they fell apart. Who was responsible for this Cold war? Some blame America some USSR. America tried to show their power and attacked Japan with an atom bomb which was very harmful for the upcoming of generations. During the reign of Eisenhower, most of the populatio n wanted to live a luxurious life. Â   It was a period of prosperity and most of the people started purchasing material things which did not happen ever before. Consequently, Eisenhower put forward the idea that the government should come forward and help in building roads and highways that were to connect to the suburbs.

Leading, Managing and Developing People in the Workplace Essay

Leading, Managing and Developing People in the Workplace - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that the current competitive global economy requires companies to train and develop its employees of risk losing market share. Although there are high costs involved in training and developing the employees, the benefits of training will ultimately outweigh the associated costs. Several management practitioners have pointed out that training and development ensures that the organisation as the right mix of skills at all management levels.This paper discusses that ABB Company will be capable of attaining a competitive edge in the modern business environment through continuous training and developing the workforce especially on emerging engineering technologies. The attainment of the mission and vision of the organisation is dependent of the skills level of the employees. In addition, training and development will motivate the workforce thus leading to higher job satisfaction and productivity.  Competitive companies will engage in strategic planning th rough the use of acquired knowledge in order to meet the objectives and mission of the company. Accordingly, the human capital of the organisation can be viewed as a key success factor thus organisations must strive to train and retain the workforce.  Companies that commit resources to training and development ultimately enjoy an expanded market share, loyal employees and increased profitability thus facilitating the attainment of the organisational mission.... Competitive companies will engage in strategic planning through the use of acquired knowledge in order to meet the objectives and mission of the company (Bee 1994). Accordingly, the human capital of the organisation can be viewed as a key success factor thus organisations must strive to train and retain the workforce (Gary and French 2010). Companies that commit resources to training and development ultimately enjoy an expanded market share, loyal employees and increased profitability thus facilitating the attainment of the organisational mission. Some companies are committed to spending a certain percentage of their revenues towards employee training and development in order to meet the modern business challenges. In addition, the companies require the staff to dedicate a number of working hours towards improving their skills and attitudes through training and development. These companies will be in a position to attract qualified workforce, due to the good reputation associated wit h training and development of employees (Boydell & Leary 2006). The six ‘Es† of training Engage: - Training and development enables the employees to understand and appreciate the policies of the organisation. For instance, the employees of the company can be able to understand how new working methods will contribute to improvement in product quality. Accordingly, training and development is essential in embracing new organisational culture since the employees are able to enhance team work in the organisation. Educate: - The main purpose of training is to acquire knowledge that is essential in understanding work expectations and responsibilities. Since ABB employees may be moved from one country to the other, the companies must ensure that employees

GAP Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

GAP Business Plan - Essay Example SMA_RT operates one step beyond security products designed to prevent access to intruders. Once the security is breached, an intruder can cause significant damage and huge financial loss in a very short period of time. The SMA_RT solution is to thwart the intruder before he has the opportunity to create havoc. Mainframe computers are no longer stand-alone entities. They are now connected to large networks that span the globe. Information technology (IT) security personnel must now concern themselves with enterprise-wide security throughout their entire network. Type80 Syslog is designed to centralize security event monitoring, bridging the gap between network and mainframe security products. With SMA_RT and Syslog, Type80 is dedicated in providing the highest quality IT security possible on the market. In order to ensure the competitive advantage in our market, we applied for patents for both products. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has completed 2 years of research and accepted all 28 elements of the application. The total fees for the application have been paid and the patent is expected to be issued within the next 30-45 days, making Type80 the sole legal software provider of mainframe Security Monitoring and Alerting in Real-Time (SMA_RT). GAP Funding In its effort of ensuring competitiveness, Type80 continues its thrust to innovate by adding new features to its current offerings and developing entirely new products which will further broaden its ability to monitor, identify, and report an intrusion that virtually touches any resource within the mainframe. In the implementation of Type 80's immediate growth plan, the company expects to incur an estimated $500,000 in total costs. This GAP funding will utilized in the development of a Screen Image Capture Feature (SICF) of the SMA_RT product. This feature will allow forensics investigators and law enforcement agencies to immediately view and capture illegal activities real-time. The data collected by the SCIF can be presented and used as evidence for legal prosecution. The development of SICF gateways is in response to the lack of commercial software with is used for legal purposes. Because of this, SICF also places Type80 an estimated five years ahead if its

Marijuana Should not be Legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marijuana Should not be Legalized - Essay Example People from these religions want these laws to be removed as soon as possible. The adverse effects of marijuana can never be ignored. Prolonged use may cause severe depression and other mental disorders. Moreover, American government have introduced healthy tax scheme on the cultivation, to discourage the exercise (Svrakic and Lynn 90). Origin By definition, marijuana is an American term for dried flowers and leaves of the cannabis plant. Marijuana is basically harvested from the ‘cannabis sativa’ plant. Cannabis plant, also known as hemp plant, is believed to have originated from central Asia. This plant has been found in tombs in about 8000BCE. Some details were also found about the growth of cannabis in china, for the purpose of gaining fiber from it. Cannabis is very versatile plant. It can grow in almost all climatic conditions. This is one of the reasons of its increasing growth throughout the globe.Marijuana comes from the leaves and the flower of the hemp or the cannabis plant. These parts of the plant contain a substance known as the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This substance gives marijuana its psychoactive properties. From the date of its discovery, people call marijuana by different names. Some of them are Ganja, pot, weed, grass, dope, skunk, wacky tobacco etc. In some countries of the world, Mari juana is called as Marihuana, by replacing ‘j’ with ‘h’.How Marijuana Started Spreading Addiction

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example He stated every company should concentrate on External marketing directed towards the customers and Internal marketing directed towards the employees (Kotler, 13). While external marketing takes care of processes like advertising and selling internal marketing takes care of "hiring, training and motivating able employees who want to serve customers well" says Kotler. Internal marketing should precede external marketing to give hundred percent satisfactions to the customers. It is up to the human resource development team to make the internal marketing successful. The concept of Marketing as management gained more popularity after the "Introduction to Market-based management" booklet was released. The booklet highlights instilling ethics, self-dedication and incentive based motivation to employees is important for smooth operation of any organization. The HR department should act like a friend, philosopher and guide in creating an open, friendly atmosphere for the employees. Every emp loyee should be motivated to work towards a common mission individually and as a team. An accountant in a firm should have a feeling that his accurate and fast billing capacities plays a key role in customer satisfaction, while the domestic worker should believe a cleaner environment helps employees works better and improves the image of the company. An "invisible hand" should drive every person in the company towards selling the product or creating the best product, not the marketing department personnel alone. Marketing and Stakeholders Analyzing from a Human resource point of view, stakeholder is any person who can exert control over the HR department and alter their activities. It can be the boss or the employee union or the customer who forces HR to train the employees better. The stakeholders outside the organization are the buyers while the ones inside the company are the value creators for the stake holder’s money (Reed, 1983). Some stakeholders act as barriers while others support productive activities. Integrated marketing concept helps an organization to identify the needs of all classes of stakeholders quite easily and efficiently. Deloitte – a major Consulting Firm Deloitte Consulting is a major auditing firm transacting over $31.3 billion annually. Their Human Resource system is studied by every management student in the world. It manages over 193000 employees and is spread over 150 countries (Khurana, 2010). The auditing firm has a versatile client list. They train each of their employees with utmost concern to serve the best clients, their marketing department lures in with much effort. Deloitte’s future plan Deloitte is next to Pricewaterhousecoopers in terms of money transaction. Their aim is to reach the number one position in the market within a short period of time. They already have the largest client list in the world. They provide auditing and taxation assistance services to several huge companies in the world. They look forward to expand their companies consulting services in several growing eastern economies like China, Korea and southern countries like Brazil. Traditional companies operated in a pyramid model with the CEO on top. The modern companies use an inverted pyramid marketing strategy, where the customer is at the top, the front end sellers dealing with them directly is next, the middle managers are placed third and the CEO is placed last whose job is to give the necessary resources and

Week4 report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week4 report - Essay Example I performed the task of balancing the clearing checks which are deposited in the accounts of the customer. Moreover, I had to deal with the rejected checks which were drawn on the local banks’ accounts (Parker 48). I learned numerous new skills in the past 30 hours such as, I learned to make use of appropriate language and be positive while communicating with others. I was able to be flexible enough to adjust according to the need of work and the requirements of dealing with the customer. I am able to be calm and patient along with being polite to the customers. I learned to be able to keep the customers’ information confidential and to maintain their privacy according to the policy. I have been able to be careful and attentive about the single details and their accuracy. Most importantly in this work experience, I have learned from my mistakes and observed many ways to work out of difficult situations and in different conditions (Fitch 50). I have adopted the troubleshooting skills while facing some problems and handled them during training in the last 30 hours. The problems I encountered made me flexible and enabled me to find out their solutions accordingly. In the fourth week, the problem was that the workers were too busy because of upcoming Eid vacation. Therefore, it was difficult for me to complete my training as there was lesser time. I resolved this issue by being calm and followed the workers patiently. I also took help from the detailed papers to get an idea of the new tasks. Secondly a problem occurred when I forgot to write the customer’s phone number on the check while depositing that could cause trouble in rechecking if any error would be detected in depositing. I verified the customer’s account for the contact number with the help of a worker and then I wrote it on the check. Another problem I faced was that according to the bank policies a check cannot be deposited after 12:00 P.M., that I solved by explaining the customer our

Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Essay Example for Free

Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Essay The education of students who have emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, health impairments, or traumatic brain injuries can be a difficult and challenging task if proper teaching strategies are not put in place. It is also important to for these students to gain self-advocacy skills and for teachers to teach the other students understanding, respect, and how to respond appropriately to the students with disabilities in their class. Another important aspect of the education of special needs students is an individual education plan (IEP). It is important to understand each individual disability before a teacher can properly determine the best teaching strategies. The education of students with emotional behavioral disorders is interfered because of an inability to build and maintain relationships with peers or teachers, an inability to learn, exhibiting inappropriate behavior and feelings, constant unhappiness or depression, and unreasonable fears about school (Clayton County Schools Special Education Department, 2012). Emotional behavior disorders in children are caused by environment, heredity, or both (Anjeh, D. , 2007). The education of students with physical disabilities is also more difficult. Physical disabilities are broad categories that include many conditions such as muscular dystrophy, missing limbs, spina-bifida, and cerebral palsy. There are many different causes of physical disabilities. Physical disabilities make it hard for children to more around and to control their voluntary motor movements (Anjeh, D. , 2007). Health impairments also cause issues related to a student’s education. Health impairments can limit a student’s alertness, vitality, and strength. Often health impairments cause a student to have extended absences, inability to attend a full academic schedule and/or inability to attend to tasks for the same length of time as peers (Clayton County Schools Special Education Department, 2012) A traumatic brain injury can also affect a student’s educational performance. A traumatic brain injury is an injury to the brain caused by an external physical force. These types of injuries can cause impairments of judgment, problem solving, sensory, motor ability, memory, cognition, thinking, physical functions, and speech (National Association of Special Education Teachers, 2006/2007). The most common cause of traumatic brain injuries are caused by motor vehicle or bicycle accidents. Other causes include being shaken, falling, sports related injuries, and gunshots. Traumatic brain injuries can cause physical, cognitive, and/or psychosocial-behavioral/emotional impairments (Anjeh, D. , 2007). Teachers can try many different strategies to help students with the above disabilities. These strategies are often beneficial for the regular student as well. Lash (2000) suggests that to help a student to concentrate better or pay attention a teacher can reduce distractions in the work area of a student, divide the student’s work into smaller sections, having students summarize the teacher’s instruction, and using verbal or non-verbal cues. Because short term memory is often affected by a traumatic brain injury a teacher can repeat or summarize the information needed frequently. The teacher can also encourage the student to use note cards, calendars, or planners. The use of mnemonics may also be helpful to the student. A teacher could provide students with traumatic brain injuries additional time, checklists, schedules, outlines, and other organizational materials. When teaching students with emotional and behavioral disorders the teacher must remain sensitive to these student’s issues. First the teacher must identify the behavior and its cause. Lewis, Heflin, DiGangi (1991) found that the best approach is to pinpoint the specific behavioral problem and apply data-based instruction for remediation. Remediation should include encouraging new behavior in place of the bad behavior and using positive reinforcement (Algozine, Ruhl, Ramsey, 1991). Extra training in social skills is also important. Teaching strategies for the physically impairment deal with the provision of certain accommodations and making learning as well as the learning environment accessible. Some strategies include giving the student extra time, reducing the amount of furniture in a classroom, and training staff on the health care needs of the student. The removal of physical barriers, elimination of social barriers, participation in extracurricular activities, inclusion in sports and leisure time activities are all strategies teachers can use with students with disabilities. Some students may require many visuals while other may require added audio. To improve a disabled students self-esteem and self-advocacy the student should be allowed to assume responsibility for their own learning which will improve their self-concept, feeling of belonging to the school, and success at school. A focus should be placed on teaching the student the skills necessary for taking responsibility and showing initiative in making decisions about their own instruction. It is also important for the teacher to help the disabled student’s peers to understand, accept, and include their peers with disabilities (CSWD, 2002). Inclusive classrooms can be helpful because they enable disabled and nondisabled students to discover the similarities they share and to accept each other’s unique traits that they have (Kliff Kunc, 1994). As school communities become increasingly diverse, it is more important than ever that teachers, administrators, parents, and students work together to create a tolerant school climate where each student feels safe and valued. IEP meetings are an important part of a disabled student’s educational process. Present at the meeting were the student’s father, the special educational teacher, and a member of the staff that is responsible for any financial related issues that may come into play. The meeting began with a brief introduction and signing of an intake sheet. The special education teacher reviewed the child’s present academic levels and discussed reading comprehension and fluency improvements. A copy of all testing scores was provided to those present. The father discussed worries that his child is shy and the need for social skill training. Moving the child to an inclusive classroom was discussed but it was decided to wait for this transition for the beginning of the next school year due to the child’s need for routines. Lastly it was determined there would be a short meeting scheduled for the end of the school year to determine classroom placement for the following school year.

Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Differential Pulse Voltammetry Introduction In this era of globalization, scientist had discovered various method of analysis. One of the methods of analysis is known as electrochemical method of analysis. Electrochemical method of analysis consists of coulometry, voltammetry and potentiometry. (Harvey, 2000) Coulometry is a method of analysis either with fixed current or constant current. Coulometry is also known as amperometry. In amperometry, current passes through a polarisable electrode. The current that passes through the cell is directly proportional to concentration of ion species that present in the electrochemical cell. Whereby, petentiometry is a method of analysis with zero or negligible current and the potential of the cell serve as a signal. During the process of recording for current change a graph of electrode potential versus time is being plot. These graphs could be categorized into two which is polarograhy and voltammetry. The different between polarography and voltammetry is that polarography used dropping mercury electrode and voltammetry used a solid metal electrode or other types of electrode. However in this assignment voltammetry will be discussed. Voltammetry is taken from the original word of volt. The prefix volt means measurement involving potential. (Monk, 2001) Voltammetry can also be further divided into pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, Stripping voltammetry, thin layer voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. However, the topic of the assignment differential pulse voltammetry. Differential Pulse Voltammetry There is various technique of voltammetry present nowadays. For the topics to be discuss here is differential pulse voltammetry. The diagram below shows the graph of differential pulse voltammetry. It is being name differential pulse volatmmetry is because 2 current is being measured. Unlike on normal pulse voltammetry the current is being measured at a short time intervals and its stop after the current is dropped. In differential pulse voltammetry, 2 sample is being masured. When the 1st sample is added into the system the potential increased. As fast as the sample stop the 2nd sample is added into the system result in decreasing in current. The different of the current is being measured. It was because of the different in current is being measured it is name as differential pulse voltammetry. (Monk,2001) Differential pulse voltammetry is a beneficiary technique. It enable detection up to nanoscale to be done.(Girault,2004) It was because it uses a method of differentiation when there is a different even at a low current it could be observed. However, in classical method or normal pulse voltammetry it does not enable us to do so. It was because of the small scale of different could be observed it is very sensitive. (Skoog, 2006) Importance of Differential Pulse Voltammetry DPV usage is very important in examining the pH dependence of redox potential for a electron and proton transfer in tryptophan and tyrosine. The pH dependence is used to calculate the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  G values for different reaction pathways and thus determine that the mechanism can be a one step or two step depending on several factor. DPV is also Important in examining quantized double layer charging of hexanethiolate coated monolayer protected Aurum clusters. It provides necessary resolving power, by suppressing background currents s to separate out all 13 peaks related to Aurum clusters core charging. This helps to make the tough peaks to become visible. This highlights the power of DPV. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is also important in the determination of Dapsone is 4,4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) in drug substance and product at carbon paste electrode and a glassy carbon electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is also important in the determination of ascorbic acid, pyridoxine and folic acid in a multivitamin preparation. The individual vitamins all gave well-defined peaks in the anodic region with a linear response of peak current to concentration. The DPV method was found to be generally applicable to the determination of the vitamins in several multivitamin preparations, or, in simplified form, to the determination of the individual vitamin preparations. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), important for the determination of pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides and pesticides. In general, this methods offer high sensitivity, low limit of determination, easy operation, and the use of simple instrumentation. DPV also important for the quantization of phenols. Difference and Similarity of Differential Pulse Voltammetry and Normal Pulse Voltammetry The Advantage and Disadvantage of Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) Advantage of Differential Pulse Voltammetry Differential pulse voltammetry can distinguish faradaic waves better from the background due to the larger 2nd derivative of the current/potential relation for faradaic processescompared to the normal pulse technique. Besides that, since the modulation amplitude of differential pulse voltammetry is constant, capacitive current will be expressed as a more or less constant baseline. Electro -oxidizable and -reducible substances on the other hand, will appear as recognizable peaks. The detection limits of 10-8M are possible, though one should be aware of the increasing probability to encounter irreversible phenomena. The latter can be detected by a shift of the voltammetric peak to more negative (reduction) or positive (oxidation) potentials and by the lowering of the peak with decreasing modulation time(User manual for, 2001). The main advantage over direct current (DC) polarography that differential pulse polarography (DPP) shares with other pulse methods is that there is little double layer charging contribution to the overall response, which allows the achievement o f a lower detection limit. An advantage that DPP has over both DC polarography and other pulse methods is that due to the differential measurement sequence, the output of this technique takes the form o f a symmetrical peak, which is more useful from an analytical perspective(OGorman, 1998). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is a selective and sensitive technique, where the potential is changing linearly with the time (potential linear sweep) superimposed by the potential pulses of the amplitude between 10 and 100 mV for several milliseconds (Jiri Sochor, Jiri Dobes Olga Krystofova, 2013). Next, by using differential pulse voltammetry at stationary electrodes, excellent results can be obtained provided that oxidation and reduction are soluble, or with a mercury electrode if the resulting metal (if any) amalgamates; the voltammetric method can often be more rapid than the corresponding polarographic mode with its dependence on the drop time, provided that the delay time between pulses is not less than twice the pulse width (to avoid transient noise disturbances) and that the scan rate is not too fast ( to limit dc distortion) (E.A.M.F.Dahmen, 1986). The Advantage and Disadvantage of Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) Advantage of Differential Pulse Voltammetryy Differential pulse voltammetry can distinguish faradaic waves better from the background due to the larger 2nd derivative of the current/potential relation for faradaic processescompared to the normal pulse technique. Besides that, since the modulation amplitude of differential pulse voltammetry is constant, capacitive current will be expressed as a more or less constant baseline. Electro -oxidizable and -reducible substances on the other hand, will appear as recognizable peaks. The detection limits of 10-8M are possible, though one should be aware of the increasing probability to encounter irreversible phenomena. The latter can be detected by a shift of the voltammetric peak to more negative (reduction) or positive (oxidation) potentials and by the lowering of the peak with decreasing modulation time(User manual for, 2001). The main advantage over direct current (DC) polarography that differential pulse polarography (DPP) shares with other pulse methods is that there is little double layer charging contribution to the overall response, which allows the achievement o f a lower detection limit. An advantage that DPP has over both DC polarography and other pulse methods is that due to the differential measurement sequence, the output of this technique takes the form o f a symmetrical peak, which is more useful from an analytical perspective(OGorman, 1998). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is a selective and sensitive technique, where the potential is changing linearly with the time (potential linear sweep) superimposed by the potential pulses of the amplitude between 10 and 100 mV for several milliseconds (Jiri Sochor, Jiri Dobes Olga Krystofova, 2013). Next, by using differential pulse voltammetry at stationary electrodes, excellent results can be obtained provided that oxidation and reduction are soluble, or with a mercury electrode if the resulting metal (if any) amalgamates; the voltammetric method can often be more rapid than the corresponding polarographic mode with its dependence on the drop time, provided that the delay time between pulses is not less than twice the pulse width (to avoid transient noise disturbances) and that the scan rate is not too fast ( to limit dc distortion) (E.A.M.F.Dahmen, 1986). The Disadvantage of Differential Pulse Voltammetry Differential pulse voltammetry is slower technique compared to square wave voltammetry (OGorman, 1998). Conclusion As a conclusion, differential pulse voltammetry is a very useful method for analysis to be done compare with normal pulse volatmmetry due to its sensitive. It is a useful in various field of the industry like pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides and pesticides. Although differential pulse voltammetry is useful, however it must be used based on the condition of the when analysis is done. References (2001).User manual for electrochemical method for windows version 4.9.. (pp. 9-10). The Netherlands: Eco Chemie B.V. Retrieved from http://www.bioeng.nus.edu.sg/people/PI/trau/Lab_manuals/Autolab manuals/Electrochemical Methods 4.9.pdf Ballentine. J. , Woolfson,A.D, (1980). The application of differential pulse voltammetry at the glassy carbon electrode to multivitamin analysis.32(1), 353-356. E.A.M.F.Dahmen. (1986). Electroanalysis:theory and application in aques and non-aques media and automated chemical control. (Vol. 7, p. 164). New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.my/books?id=DpCWhuUMbdMCpg=PA164lpg=PA164dq=advantages+of+differential+pulse+voltammetrysource=blots=6iOU-xcP22sig=_JDlOgIQ0Bs3Px5PqZMNXMwgAK0hl=ensa=Xei=2AAkU5yAJsbZrQfJwoFQved=0CEcQ6AEwAzgo#v=onepageq=advantages of differential pulse voltammetryf=false Christian, G.D. (2004), Analytical Chemistry, 6th edition. Girault, H.H.(2004) Analytical and Physical Electrochemistry. Harvey, D.(2000). Modern Analytical Chemistry. Jiri Sochor, Jiri Dobes, Olga Krystofova, (2013). Electrochemistry as a tool for studying antioxidant properties. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, Retrieved from http://www.electrochemsci.org/papers/vol8/80608464.pdf Miles, D. T.; Murray, R. W. Analytical Chemistry 2003, 75, 1251–1257 Mohammed A. E. R. , Nahla N. S, Mohammed I.W, (2011). differential pulse anodic voltammetric determination of dapsone in pharmaceutical preparation using carbon paste and glassy carbon electrodes: Application to quality control l .6, 307-321. Retrieved from http://dspace.upce.cz/bitstream/10195/42522/1/ElRiesMA_DifferentialPulse_2011.pdf Monk, P.M.S.(2001). Fundamentals of Electroanalytical Chemistry. Ni, Y., Wang, L . (2001). Simultaneous determination of nitrobenzene and nitro-substituted phenols by differential pulse voltammetry and chemometrics.431(1), 101-113. Retrieved from www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267000013192 OGorman, J. (1998). Novel electroanalytical methods. (Masters thesis, Dublin City University)Retrieved from http://doras.dcu.ie/19220/1/John_OGorman_20130717104801.pdf Sjà ¶din, M.; Styring, S.; Wolpher, H.; Xu, Y.; Sun, L.; Hammarstrà ¶m, L. J. Am. Chemistry Soc. 2005, 127, 3855–3863. Skoog, D.A., Holler, E.J., and Crouch, S.R., (2007), Principles of instrumental Analysis, 6th edition. 1

Analysis Of National Interest And Foreign Policy Politics Essay

Analysis Of National Interest And Foreign Policy Politics Essay At the heart of any national interest lays its security, in order states to survive they must protect their security, by any means available to them, the treats to national security can be both external and internal. External treats can include any treat that comes from competing nations and enemies of the state. Internal treats can come from groups with political aims of overthrowing the government, even though the aim of security in national interest doesnt always mean protecting the states territorial boundaries, nor the repulsion of foreign attack. In some cases nation may be required to sacrifice some of its territory, or renounce some of its claims, in order to preserve another, more intrinsic element of the state(Orme,5). States create economic developments by promoting foreign investment, modernising their economy from low-income based economy to high-income based economy, such as building infrastructure, investing in technology, research and development. Without social development economic development cant be fulfilled. States invest in education, access to public health, gender equalities, and civil societies. States dont further their national interest by becoming self centred , in this day and age where the world is a global village states cant afford to ignore the rest of the world, therefore states look far beyond their states and consider other factors that are important to their national interest, economically, socially and politically. The above mentioned characteristics identifies national interest of a state and its components, the question is how do states promote their national interest?, states promote their national interest through foreign policy, thus foreign policy is the sum of an actors goals and purposive actions in global politics. Foreign policy consists of those discrete official actions of the authoritative decision makers of a nations government, or their agents, which are intended by the decision makers to influence the behaviour of international actors external to their own polity. In practice, foreign decisions are not made by single leaders in isolation, but it is a cumulative process that involves, interest groups, domestic issues, bureaucracies, leadership, and so on. Therefore foreign policy is the means and national interest is the end. Countries conduct their foreign policy through many channels that are available to them, namely diplomacy, force, track11 diplomacy, communication, and so on. Countries when shaping their foreign policy take into account many factors that are important, such as, geography, the size of the population, the level of economic development, political tradition, domestic environment, internal environment, military capability, and national character. Diplomacy: Diplomacy is the main channel through which foreign policy is conducted, diplomacy has existed throughout the history from the ancient Greeks to the African tribal systems all used diplomacy to solve disputes and to defuse potential conflicts. Diplomacy involves negotiation to manage relations among states. It is perhaps the most prominent tool in foreign policy available to actors for managing disputes. Diplomats in foreign offices and ministries often argue exhausting peaceful efforts to achieve goals before resorting to war and try to achieve compromises with adversaries to prevent conflict(Mansbach, Rafferty :363). Countries that have the means such as the United States appoint ambassadors virtually anywhere in the world to represent their interest, poor countries that dont have the means rely on their UN ambassador to meet and discuss issues in New York with other UN ambassadors from all over the world. Over time diplomats come and go but countries maintain diplomatic missions abroad. The role of the diplomats is to assess their countrys objectives given its actual and potential power to gauge other states objectives in light to their power. Diplomats must also assess the extent to which their countrys objectives are compatible with those of other countries and then decide whether to use persuasion, compromise, or treat of force to pursue their countrys end. (Mansbach, Rafferty: 365). Force: If diplomacy fails then the use of force is the last resort. It is the choice of last resort because of the destructive nature of wars, on humans and economies. The following are the three strategies for managing conflict that require the treat to use military force; defence, deterrence, and compliance. Each of these involve to a different degree, using force in a different way. Defence is to repel an attack, defence may be passive or active, passive defence employs civil defences, bunkers, hardening of weapons systems, and increasing weaponry systems. While active defence involves directing military force against a potential or an actual attacker and may include missile defence, pre-emptive and preventive war. In pre-emptive strike state anticipates an imminent attack and strikes first to gain the upper-hand, whereas in preventive strike it anticipates an attack in the distant future, and therefore attacks the adversary before they gain the capability to strike. Deterrence is to prevent an enemy to attack in the first place. Deterrence is less expensive than defence, because it may not always lead to war, but the threat of war may influence an adversary to take a different course of action, rather than confrontation. Actors usually exercise the three Cs of deterrence, namely communication, capabilities and credibility, which means actors communicate to their adversary and inform them the path they have chosen will indeed lead to conflict, and demonstrate their capabilities if they dont change course, third the treats must be credible. Compliance unlike deterrence, which involves the passive use of force, compliance also called coercive diplomacy, uses limited force to make an actor alter its behaviour or undo certain thing already done. Successful compliance convinces an enemy of the following. There is urgency about complying with the demand to alter its behaviour The coercing actor is more highly motivated than the opponent; and The consequences of staying the course will be escalation and still greater pain for the adversary. This is called bargaining in simple terms, if the enemy fails to comply, the coercing actor must decide whether to back down or intensify the use of force. This is precisely what the United States and its allies are doing in relation to Iran, to convince the Iranian regime to abandon their nuclear ambitions. Track II diplomacy: States use un-official channels to conduct their foreign policy and further their national interest, these include cultural exchanges, people to people movements, conducting this type of diplomacy states show that their government is not hostile to the others. For example some may argue that if the line that divides the Indian sub-continent was removed and the follow of people is allowed between Pakistan and India that would have reduced a lot of the tension between the two nuclear armed nations and could create an atmosphere of understanding, co-operation, interaction and mutual respect. Communication: Communication is a major instrument of foreign policy, it can be in the form of propaganda, or what is called external publicity, the purpose of propaganda is to inform people and governments abroad of the policies, achievements, institutions, and values of the state concerned and to convert international public opinion, as far as possible, to its own point of view (Bandyopadhyay: 24). For example United States uses Voice of America to broadcast their messages, in many different languages around the globe. Other components that contribute the making of foreign policy are Geography and Size: shaping foreign policy states consider their geographic locations, and also the size of their population. Level of economic development: states take into account when shaping their foreign policy according to their economic capabilities. Political tradition: how states conduct their foreign policy is dictated by the political tradition of that state Domestic environment: International environment: Military strength: military capability is the ultimate decision to go to war. National character: In considering all these factors mentioned above. Foreign policy is the means in which national interest has to be promoted, and according to the realist, the success and failure of foreign policy must be judged, by, if the national interest of the state was promoted. Realist argue, the nature of international politics, revolves around power, in a self help environment; states seek to further their national interest by acquiring sufficient military capabilities, to deter attacks by potential enemies, any actor in international politics their aim is to demonstrate their power, or to maintain their power, or to further their power, with power actors can only maintain their position and influence by it. Thus the priority of every state is to promote national interest and for that matter to acquire power. I agree with the realist point of view when it comes to power and prestige, Americans dominate the rest of the world not because they have the largest population in the world, but they are the strongest nation, economically, militarily, technologically and the US president is often referred to as the most powerful man in the world. American influence in the world touches every part of this globe, shaping policies, furthering their interest.

Kurt Vonnegut :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kurt Vonnegut has always had a great awareness of the destructive social impact of science and technology. Contraptions that Vonnegut calls â€Å"social transplants† replace real relatives and friends with synthetic ones. Recordings, radio and television are just a few of these devices. They make it possible to bring synthetic relatives and friends right into your home and replace those friends and relatives who are not perfect, nor even consistent, with a better class of people. Vonnegut’s least favorite technology is the computer, because it is a nervous system outside of our own, and it has deprived humans of the experience of becoming. â€Å"All they have to do now is wait for the next program from Microsoft† (Pickering 24). Films, books and plays show us people talking much more entertainingly than people really talk. Singers and musicians show us humans making sounds far lovelier than humans really make (Skaw 568). All of these technological developments have decreased the amount of contact we have with other humans. The first of these â€Å"transplants† took place in the 4th century before Christ. Audiences accepted attractive people who memorized interesting things to say on stage as genuine relatives and friends (Vonnegut 266). We no longer have a need to make conversation with our dreadful real family and friends, not when we have all of these technological and entertaining transplanted friends and family. Vonnegut believes contemporary society is lonely because we have alienated ourselves from each other because of all of the technology in our world. Throughout his many writings Vonnegut shows his fascination with the way technology changes the social environment (Lundquist 88).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He never abandons his theme of hatred for science and technology and its social impact on society. Vonnegut also believes that we no longer have developed imaginations because of destructive technological developments. We are not born with an imagination; teachers and parents help us to develop it. Imagination was once very important because it was your major source of entertainment. The imagination circuit is built in your head. People can read a book and envision it in their mind. However, this is no longer necessary. Now there are shows, actors, and movies that show us the story instead of letting us use our imagination to envision it. We do not need imagination just like we do not need to know how to ride horses in our society. We have cars that can go much faster than horses so why learn how to ride one? This question can be applied to imagination. Why unleash your imagination to envision an unknown world in a book

Diabetes Mellitus Essay -- Health, Disease, Medicine

This paper deals about the study of diabetes mellitus, the pathology, types of diabetes, further complications if not controlled and management for the prevention of this disease. Diabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucose, in the blood. To understand why this happens it helps to understand how the body usually works. When you eat, your body breaks down your food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into your bloodstream, where it travels to all the cells in your body. Your cells use glucose for energy. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move the glucose from bloodstream to the cells. Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus further explain the concept how this disease works. Pancreas plays an important role of the metabolism of glucose by means of secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon. These hormones where then secreted by Islets of Langerhans directly to the blood. Inadequate secretion of insulin results on im- paired metabolism of glucose, carbohydrates, proteins and fats which then result to hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Hyperglycemia is the most frequently observed sign of diabetes and is considered the etiologic source of diabetic complications both in the body and in the eye. On the other hand, glucagon is the hormone that opposes the act of insulin. It is secreted when blood glucose levels fall. This is also further explained in the handbook of the Disease Management of Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus which states the following: â€Å"Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration partly by breaking down glycogen in the liver. Following a meal, glucose is absorbed into the blood. In response to increased blood glucos... ...ss the importance of taking nutritious foods and multivitamins, try to drinking coffee for two or three days. Eating regular well balanced meals. Avoid fast-food lifestyle that can cause great fluctuation in blood sugar. Lastly, the patient will be able to describe the benefits of regular exercise and how regular exercise can improve blood glucose control. They should know the importance of relaxation and exercises, deep breathing which are popular ways to relieve stress and to avoid strenuous physical activity. Meditations, yoga are good ways of relieving stress. Therefore, learning about the concept of diabetes in general is very important to prevent further complications of other critical diseases. It is best to understand and to stress out the importance of good nutrition, exercise, diet, healthy active lifestyle to the improvement for someone’s well being.

Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Symbols in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Great Gatsby is based on a man named Jay Gatsby and his idealistic infatuation to a girl named Daisy that he met while he was young.   Gatsby was not of a wealthy family and therefore Daisy would not marry him. Gatsby devoted his life to getting what he needed to win Daisy.   After the war Gatsby became a bootlegger to attain what he needed to win Daisy.   In the Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses various colors, objects, and gestures as symbols to portray the lack of moral and spiritual values of people and the different aspects of society in the 1920's.   The colors which are spread throughout the novel are green, white, gold, and others. F. Scott Fitzgerald provides a social commentary on the 1920's in this novel.   The Great Gatsby is an important American novel and not just a mere historical document depicting life in the 1920's.   Like other writers of the 20's   Fitzgerald was fascinated by the spectacle of what had become of the American Dream and how it had become corrupted by greed andmaterialistic possessions.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end of Chapter One, Nick catches Gatsby stretching his arms out towards a green light. At the time it is not revealed to us that this is the light at the end of Daisy's dock.    he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling.   Involuntarily I glanced seaward--and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock.   (Fitzgerald 26)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the novel Fitzgerald emphasizes the color green as a promise of hope.   Through Gatsby this promise is corrupted by the means that he tries to attain it.   By attaining material wealth to win Daisy, Gatsby also shows the corruption of the American Dream.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of Chapter Two, Fitzgerald describes the huge billboard that watches over the Valley of Ashes.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic---their retinas are one yard high. They look out of no face but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose.

Banking Industry Essay

The Banking Industry was once a simple and reliable business that took deposits from investors at a lower interest rate and loaned it out to borrowers at a higher rate. However deregulation and technology led to a revolution in the Banking Industry that saw it transformed. Banks have become global industrial powerhouses that have created ever more complex products that use risk and securitisation in models that only PhD students can understand. Through technology development, banking services have become available 24 hours a day, 365 days a week, through ATMs, at online bankings, and in electronically enabled exchanges where everything from stocks to currency futures contracts can be traded . The Banking Industry at its core provides access to credit. In the lenders case, this includes access to their own savings and investments, and interest payments on those amounts. In the case of borrowers, it includes access to loans for the creditworthy, at a competitive interest rate. Banking services include transactional services, such as verification of account details, account balance details and the transfer of funds, as well as advisory services, that help individuals and institutions to properly plan and manage their finances. Online banking channels have become key in the last 10 years. The collapse of the Banking Industry in the Financial Crisis, however, means that some of the more extreme risk-taking and complex securitisation activities that banks increasingly engaged in since 2000 will be limited and carefully watched, to ensure that there is not another banking system meltdown in the future. Mortgage banking has been encompassing for the publicity or promotion of the various mortgage loans to investors as well as individuals in the mortgage business. Online banking services has developed the banking practices easier worldwide. Banking in the small business sector plays an important role. Find various banking services available for small businesses. Management Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals andobjectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, andnatural resources. Since organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to ‘manage’ oneself, a prerequisite to attempting to manage others. Basic functions Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, controlling/monitoring and motivation. * Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next five years, etc.) and generating plans for action. * Organizing: (Implementation)pattern of relationships among workers, making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans. * Staffing: Job analysis, recruitment and hiring for appropriate jobs. * Leading/directing: Determining what must be done in a situation and getting people to do it. * Controlling/monitoring: Checking progress against plans. * Motivation: Motivation is also a kind of basic function of management, because without motivation, employees cannot work effectively. If motivation does not take place in an organization, then employees may not contribute to the other functions (which are usually set by top-level management). Basic roles * Interpersonal: roles that involve coordination and interaction with employees. * Informational: roles that involve handling, sharing, and analyzing information. * Decisional: roles that require decision-making. Management skills * Political: used to build a power base and establish connections. * Conceptual: used to analyze complex situations. * Interpersonal: used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate. * Diagnostic: ability to visualize most appropriate response to a situation. * Technical: Expertise in one’s particular functional area.. Business Ethics Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporations promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters. Adam Smith said, â€Å"People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices.†[1] Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions. Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond Business ethics reflects the philosophy of business, one of whose aims is to determine the fundamental purposes of a company. If a company’s purpose is to maximize shareholder returns, then sacrificing profits to other concerns is a violation of its fiduciary responsibility. Corporate entities are legally considered as persons in USA and in most nations. The ‘corporate persons’ are legally entitled to the rights and liabilities due to citizens as persons. Economist Milton Friedman writes that corporate executives’ â€Å"responsibility†¦ generally will be to make as much money as possible while conforming to their basic rules of the society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom† Friedman also said, â€Å"the only entities who can have responsibilities are individuals †¦ A business cannot have responsibilities. So the question is, do corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, have responsibilities in their business activities other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible? And my answer to that is, no, they do not. A multi-country 2011 survey found support for this view among the â€Å"informed public† ranging from 30 to 80%. Duska views Friedman’s argument as consequentialistrather than pragmatic, implying that unrestrained corporate freedom would benefit the most in long term. [ Similarly author business consultant Peter Drucker observed, â€Å"There is neither a separate ethics of business nor is one needed†, implying that standards of personal ethics cover all business situations. However, Peter Drucker in another instance observed that the ultimate responsibility of company directors is not to harm—primum non nocere. Another view of business is that it must exhibit corporate social responsibility (CSR): an umbrella term indicating that an ethical business must act as a responsible citizen of the communities in which it operates even at the cost of profits or other goals.In the US and most other nations corporate entities are legally treated as persons in some respects. For example, they can hold title to property, sue and be sued and are subject to taxation, although their free speech rights are limited. This can be interpreted to imply that they have independent ethical responsibilities. Duska argues that stakeholders have the right to expect a business to be ethical; if business has no ethical obligations, other institutions could make the same claim which would be counterproductive to the corporation. Ethical issues include the rights and duties between a company and its employees, suppliers, customers and neighbors, its fiduciaryresponsibility to its shareholders. Issues concerning relations between different companies include hostile take-overs and industrial espionage. Related issues include corporate governance;corporate social entrepreneurship; political contributions; legal issues such as the ethical debate over introducing a crime of corporate manslaughter; and the marketing of corporations’ ethics policies.According to IBE/ Ipsos MORI research published in late 2012, the three major areas of public concern regarding business ethics in Britain are executive pay, corporate tax avoidance and bribery and corruption.

Philosophy †Conscience (90/90) Essay

Discuss critic all(prenominal)y the ascertain that we should ever so survey our scruples when devising honourable finissIt has traditionally been proposed that the sense of right and wrong is an completed body of authority, essentially secureifying the involve that it should be followed. M some(prenominal) nonable figures end-to-end archives doubting Thomas, Butler, Plato, Freud have structurally set it in a tight rle. Whether this is by centre of multi ulterioral analogies, ranked stand or stock- quiesce ghostly eminence, the moral sense per assortments a theoretical, and indeed practical, prevail as the homosexual and sociable arbiter. But thus, in that location is also a possible variation amongst the put forwards of several(prenominal) and collective sense of right and wrong, add to the difficulties in determining which sense of right and wrong is much suited to enacting estimable decisions. This predicates an interesting wave-particle dua lity the scruples either does non oppose this breaker touch of control or, conversely, the sense of right and wrongs increased social standing grants it an even greater level of authority. It kitty similarly be questi iodind whether or not the moral senses proposed supremacy necessitates an man-to-mans reliance on it, or even, whether it is postulate at all.Ideas in connection with the sense of right and wrong argon far-reaching. The notion of estimable decisions creationness g everyplacened by the moral sense implies that thither is a principal rle the scruples moldiness play in enacting them. But, as intercommunicate to a higher place, t here(predicate) ar solidity oral sexs over its reliability its seemingly brawny position and even its existence. My argument follows an purpose line, paying close financial aid to that travel out in which human is of sole importance. The human existence is the entity the sense of right and wrong must sketch on board , and vice versa. There is a web discrepancy between common definitions of ken, in turn emphasising the inconsistency of thought on the matter.The Collins vocabulary, for example, de very goods consciousness as creation awargon of angiotensin-converting enzymes purlieu1 in counter draw with the Concise Oxford Dictionary which trendifies it as being aw ar of and responding to hotshots surroundings2. Herein, at the outset, lies an bit. Surroundings and conditions argon understandably tell by some(prenominal) definitions, up to now the human acknowledgement and response to them are not so. This irregularity is highly pertinent when trying to determine the scrupless rle in the various(prenominal)s decision- do. The headings define on the several(prenominal), the separates place in club, and, indeed, various(prenominal)s themselves, are distinguish to this matter.*****************May beau suppositionl himself, the divinity of peace, bless you finished and through with(predicate) and through. May your whole spirit, disposition and body be kept unexceptionable at the coming of our Lord delivery boy Christ 3Presented above is the scriptural proposition nearly considered to be confirmative of the tripartite theory of the beau reportlhead. Theologically, ternion has been a consistent Biblical presence, It should be noted at the outset that the Biblical authors economic consumption of the number trio is abundantly testify4 The Holy Trinity, Noahs three sons and Jobs three daughters being notable cases of this.Accordingly, the human being consists of three separate elements either body, brain and spirit, as is noted above, or, nearly-nigh applicable to the question of scruples i) inclinations ii) warmths, and iii) reasonableness the latter having familiar associations with the conscience. But where does this go on into the view of by-line ones conscience? Simply put, it is the idea that the conscience is supreme i n its meaning that theologians, philosophers and psychologists throughout times past have primed(p) it above appetites and affections. Noted examples of this are Aquinas Hierarchy of Being, Platos metaphor of the carry, Freuds idea of the id, self-importance and superego, and another(prenominal)s all leading to one literally invested conclusion conscience is boss, and ergo, should be followed.Thomistic philosophy places the conscience in a predict rank alongside the record book, the church building and Mankind as a whole. It is divine and institutional law guided through human mechanisms by the Synderesis Rulethe infixed principle in the moral consciousness of every person which accounts the agent to skillful and restrains him from evil5.This can be seen to come to directly to the idea of a charitable conscience reservation ethical decisions considerably being the net goal. Butler takes a similar position man is innate(p) to virtue6 self get it on and benevolen ce being the souls guide. But, one strength ask whether the unembellished requirement to do good is rattling an determinationive balance. Can one real deliver an ethical decision without subtile the evil? 7Aquinas take a firm stand five primary precepts which the conscience formulates in an ethical judgement self conservation and preservation of the innocent, continuation of the species, education of children, quick in a society and worshipping idol. disdain the need for these to be followed, and, of course, definitive of how we pay back ethical decisions, it is the fifth that one finds beguiling for this particular study. Worshipping deity, the church a state of authority or, indeed, perceived authority, guiding our actions.It conforms to the hierarchy of being (an apt sleeper with the tripartite theory) and is a premise for Gods benign tyranny. God is the gross(a) form of Reason, and is so at the top of the hierarchy, subordinated by mankind affections and a nimals pure appetite. By this we can see that this hierarchical method is multi-levelled the human being comprises these attributes just as a collective hierarchy does. They are simply metaphors for the consciences divine authority on a bodily and societal level.This is further support by Platos allegory of the Chariot the charioteer representing Intellect/Reason/ scruples, the white cater signifying the aforementioned morals and affections, and the black one dollar bill symbolising appetites. iodin big businessman be too facetious in make this interpretation but the use of a horse somewhat indicates that human beings are majorly of beastly appetites, other than reason are we Gods beasts as it were? Plato himself judged thatmanis a tame or civilised animal nevertheless, he requires proper instruction and a fortunate nature, and then of all animals he becomes the around divine and most civilized but if he be insufficiently or ill-educated he is the most savage of earthly creatures.8Yet, he conversely gives the analogous horse human traitshe is a honeyr of keep and modesty and temperance, and the follower of true annulus he needs no skin senses of the whip, but is guided by devise and admonition only.9 change surface much interesting is Platos use of a human being in Gods rle. This gives two ideas God is either being anthropomorphised (putting him in low-level standing) or, optionly, human conscience is God-ly10 maybe God is our conscience. Maybe He is mankind. Newman supports the former idea an echo implies a voice a voice, a speaker. That speaker I love and revere11, by the literal audience of voices. The speaker is the indwelling voice the conscience and the reverberation of Gods direct message. Here, on the surface, we can agnisely see, referable to the divine cloud hanging over this matter (God is good), that the conscience should be followed when making ethical decisions.Yet, one might ask the fundamental question of whether the conscience is worthy of its place above appetites and affections. The empiricist, David Hume, makes his opinion on the matter instead clearreason is, and ought only to be the slave of the beloveds, and can never risk to any other office than to serve and obey them12.He provides a clear argument against of all time following our conscience when making ethical decisions, in favour of our appetites. unmatchable might take the view that our primitive nature, without the influence of our conscience and an interventionist (or determinant) society is much than equipped to make ethical decisions. Indeed, the Reformation encouraged the break-away from the Church of capital of Italy and set the individual conscience, not ecclesiastical authority, at the centre of religious life. As testament be turn to in further detail later, if our conscience is belie by society the individual may not be in proficient control of his own ethical decisions. adept could conversely argue, however, t hat, as Plato seemingly hinted at above, Hume degrades humanity to the level of animals that we have no billet to reason and therefore cannot succeed God-liness or make ethical decisions at all.Plato supplemented the ideas purveyed by his Allegory of the Chariot through another get going The res publica, which, for this essay, provides the behind for interrogatory of the relationship between individual and societal conscience. As with Aquinas, it is a question of hierarchy. The workers appetite followers and the soldiers protectors of the state and morals are both subservient to the philosopher-kings the embodiment of reason.Platos view was that of an elitist society with the core conscience in charge knowledge is post13 (Conscience is king14) or, as I might conversely argue, power is knowledge (King is conscience). One can draw parallels with Orwells dystopian novel 19 Eighty-Four, which, for me, offers an even more appropriate portrayal of this idea the low-spirited proles comprising the vast majority of society governed by appetites the Outer company controlled by state values and propaganda, morals, affections and the Inner Party and lifesize Brother, the core of the state the quintessence of the conscience, it is insurmountable to see reality except by looking through the eyes of the Party15.These two examples demonstrate the conscience of the individual being mirrored in society. It raises anaesthetizes as to whether the conscience of the collective should be followed when making ethical decisions as opposed to that of the express individual only in the sagaciousness of the party, which is collective and immortal16 potation distinctly Marxist parallels, and, perhaps more relevantly, conforming to the Thomistic precept of living in a society. One can link this to the thoughts of Soloveychik that conscience cant be someones own. Conscience is both personal and universal17. The pluralism, we, open in the initial proposition is mark edly addressed with these connections to societal conscience.One purpose that may arise from this elitist, authoritarian ideal, however, is the issue of mind-control (Big Brother Is Watching You). A conscientious hierarchical society lordly the psyche of the masses may fill the rle of the individual in a more oblique, inflated manner. Appetites, affection and reason being governed by class structure ingesting about a socially solidified conscience. One might wear this to F.H. Bradleys personification our function is as an organ in a social organism. Thus, if conscience is analogous among individuals, why might ethical decisions not be carried out similarly? Baruch de Spinoza believed that Gods knowledge is distilled through humanityan idea is adequate and complete insofar as it represents knowledgeof the sempiternal and infinite essence of God18. bounteous further substance to the idea of an individuals morals (their ethical make-up) being reflected on a collective level. Hu me, however, argues against this, nix is more surprising than the easiness with which the many another(prenominal) are governed by the few19, mull the dominance of a reasoned nonage the collectives core conscience in turn eradicating the starting flower for this theory. An answer to the issue in the proposition, however, is still not possible at this point. One cannot yet determine whether the conscience should be followed when making ethical decisions because of the sheer amount of money of subjectivity over the ethics of elitism.Still, the plausibleness of a societal conscience halting this degree of authority is questionable. Despite the seemingly liberal connections mentioned above, the conscience of the collective is undoubtedly unhomogeneous to that of the individual. The juxtaposed issues of freedom and conflicting individual mentality are enough in themselves to maintain this viewpoint. Obviously, this makes us question whether making references to literal states o f authority is actually worthwhile. The individual has a conscience which both conflicts and complements the state/collective consciousness.Linking to the above issue, are governments/collectives always an objective balance? Seemingly, there are corrupt governments history has shown there to be corruption in the Church and other elements of society that control the individuals learning ability. Yet it is indubitably the case that the mind (and conscience) is always influenced by the society in which it operates. This presents a mind-blowing paradox. Society is not only determined by a central conscience but the conscience of the individual is conversely determined by society. This might then suggest that any(prenominal) the case, the sole function that drives societal conditions, indirectly gestates its authority over the individual. J.B Watson the Father of behaviorism proposedgive me a dozen rubicund infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Il l guaranty to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select 20He places himself a core being with societal influence in an authoritative position over specified individuals. This can be compared with the Freudian idea that the superego develops throughout childhood by external influences. The human being is born(p) with the id the basis for appetites, eros (sex) and thanatos (death) drives these drives could interestingly be seen in a hostilely potent rle, supporting the idea of appetital authority la Hume. Subsequently, the ego develops the presentable faade that we apply to the world our affections. and then the superego, our reason and conscience the irrefutable blackball of the human mind. It develops throughout childhood. In bicycle-built-for-two with the environmental development, or determinism, mentioned above, children are only egoistic they feel their needs intensely and strive ruthlessly to satisfy them21.So by this then, we can see that the tripartite, three is a consistent literal basis for the presentation of the conscience. I would, however, question whether this is a valuable method by which to present its authority. There are obvious differences between the theories presented by each of these figures Freud socio-psychological Aquinas religious Plato the soul. These differences mean some social function. For one, each has specific rles. Some may apply purely to societal conscience (Platos Republic and Orwells cardinal Eighty-Four), others may apply merely to the individual (Freud and Platos Allegory of the Chariot). It is nonetheless interesting that the tripartite is consistent throughout different periods and cultures. Ultimately, it comes to the point where one must consult Freuds verdict to prove what these give us, analogies, it is true, locate nothing, but they can make one feel more at hearth22.How else, then, can the conscience be construe authoritatively and conclusive of how we m ake ethical decisions? Put simply, the conscience is an alarm it is disturb it forces the individual to put themselves in uneasy situations and concurrently feel the effects of these. Although there are religious sides to this, for example, the threat, he who acts against his conscience loses his soul23, the principal factor here is indeed wrong. Of course, guilt is the one thing that the layman will consider alongside the conscience. Conscience is guilt to many. The objective conscience works by putting the individual at a discomfort, Freud believing that guilt is the consequence of not obeying it.Dostoyevsky provides a fine example of this in his notorious work Crime and Punishment, where the protagonist, Rodion Raskolnikov, experiences continual mental concern following his homicidal actions. The novel gives the idea of mental demons If he has a conscience he will suffer for his mistake. That will be punishment as well as the prison.24 Rodions commiseration ultimately force s him to confess. He follows his guilty conscience to make an ethical decision. This issue is also given great attention in Shakespeares tragedy, Hamlet, in which the king, Claudius, comes to realise, in retrospect, the implications of his fratricide my stronger guilt defeats my strong smell25.He is, however, prone to continuing his murderous tendencies. Although this is a literary construction, one might suggest that Claudius reverts to his thanatos drive, the superego not victorious antecedency. Another interpretation is that he adheres to the persuasion that you perform a sin in two ways and it will cease to be a crime26, providing a distinctly egoistic stance. Above all, however, this notion of guilt leads us to question whether the consciences precedence actually does entail our reliance on it. If the conscience can be seen to be malicious one might assume it is not all good or a worthy mechanism by which to make ethical decisions. Should we always follow our conscience if it occasionally encourages us to conduce malevolence towards others?Yet, admittedly, I have placed the conscience, somewhat clumsily, in a potent rle by inappropriately treating it as an inanimate transcendent object. The conscience is a misleading dialect it can not be addressed in literal terms as the above-mentioned figures and I have through with(p) so. It is an ambiguous concept a conclusion of ideas, not a figurehead or core being that people must obey. In doing this I have partially neglected the fundamental points initially sketch those of human response to the conscience, as well as the issue of ethical decisions. The point is that the human being is its conscience they work in tandem yet the individual conscience is contingent on the social conscience and vice versa. It is an eternal roll out of human reasoning, working jointly to maintain relations and prevent wrongdoing.There is a deterministic problem associated with this question if the conscience is a nec essary mechanism then seemingly we cannot escape it always following our conscience places it in a more authoritative rle than a judicial one. Aquinas, for one, believed that following our conscience is always right despite it not ineluctably entailing good is this really the kind of mindset we want when making ethical decisions? If one is to take Humes view of appetital dominance, the human essence being the guidance of our nature, we can, to an extent, nullify this. One might argue that the conscience is just a constraint on our essential urges. A constraint on the collectives blossoming Sartre take a firm stand that we must act out passion before we can feel it27.Even today in such a complex, interlaced world there is a question over whether our primitive essence would beget greater happiness. Not at all am I suggesting that military personnel should revert to being primal, nor that happiness should be the human races ultimate goal, but, in terms of making ethical decisions, must one rely on the conscience? Indeed, there is a jeopardy that reliance on appetites would encourage societal and individual regression. Hence, a viable alternative must be suggested.For me, this comes in the form of Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest) that mankind evolves by manner of competition, the very essence of understanding is that its followed independently of reason28. Darwin appeared to prioritise appetites using them as a means for societal progression. One might range that this ideal comes closest to loosening the fetters of both individual conscience and societal restraint, whilst not jeopardising our future. In answering the question, the various examples presented in this essay of the conscience being dominant in its essence suggest to me that in any case the conscience deters our decision-making. Indeed, if we feel by any means constrained we are unable to make pure, objective ethical decisions, ergo, we should not be subservient to the conscience w hen making them.1 Collins Dictionary & Thesaurus 2 books in one, 20042 Concise Oxford Dictionary Tenth Edition, 19993 1 Thessalonians 5234 Richard D. Patterson, The Third day Motif, The Use Of Three In The Bible5 The Internet Encyclopaedia of ism6 Joseph Butler. Class notes.7 This is addressed further with the issue of guilt later on.8 Plato, The Republic9 Plato, Phaedrus10 This is intended to mean the essence of God, rather than merely god-like attributes.11 Popes Letter On Newman12 David Hume13 Sir Francis Bacon14 Joseph Butler15 Nineteen Eighty-Four, Part 2, Chapter 216 Nineteen Eighty-Four, Part 2, Chapter 217 Simon Soloveychik, innocuous Man18 Spinozas Ethics19 David Hume20 tin B. Watson21 Sigmund Freud22 Sigmund Freud23 after part Lateran Council24 Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Crime and Punishment, Chapter 1925 Hamlet, Act 3 Scene 3, l. 4026 Jewish commentary27 Jean-Paul Sartre28 Charles Darwin